source: People's Daily reporter Wang Junping / > 50% of families in line with two child conditions in the country Since the women's age is over 40 years old
two - child policy, many older women have joined the two - child team. Pictured on the eve of the Spring Festival, obstetric nurses in the first people's Hospital of Xiangyang in Hubei are nursing newborns.
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infertility
after 45 years of age, nearly 90% people have no fertility. The average age of the last pregnancy is about 40 years old,
birth of a son, and also wants to regenerate a daughter, and the sons and daughters are the largest of the Hefei residents of Anhui. Wish. Last year, at the age of 39, she finally waited for the country's two child policy. Although she had taken the birth control ring, she still could not afford it for more than a year. The hospital inspection report showed that the fallopian tube was obstructed and the anterior wall of the uterus had two cysts of 3 cm and 2 cm in diameter. Cheng Hefeng underwent minimally invasive surgery in a large hospital in Shanghai, and eventually he was lucky to conceive. Since the
two child policy was fully liberalized, after 70, 80 after joining the rebirth ranks, the elderly pregnant women blowout increased. The proportion of elderly pregnant women in China was 0.9% in 1995, 4% in 2005 and 10% in 2015. The data show that 60% of the women in the 90 million or so families who are eligible for two child birth are over 35 years old, and 50% are over 40 years old. Many elderly women are anxious to get pregnant, but they are powerless and unable to conceive of their children. Infertility has become the biggest problem of wanting to give birth to two children.
Geng Linlin, deputy director of the clinical medical center of the National Health Planning Commission of the National Health Planning Commission, said that there is a negative correlation between the birth age and fertility rate, the older the age, the lower fertility, the gradual aging of the women's eggs, and the effects of environmental pollution, electromagnetic radiation, and chemicals, 10 years before the period of the menopause. The quality of follicles in women will decrease. With the increase of age, the fertility rate is obviously declining. By the age of 45, nearly 90% of the women have no fertility, and the average age of the last pregnancy is about 40 years.
the director of the reproductive center of Peking University People's Hospital, the chief physician, said that age plays a very important role in fertility, and age determines the quality and quantity of egg cells. Fertility decreased with age, on the one hand, the decline in ovarian reserve function, on the other hand, the increase in fertility and the increase of abortion rate.
sperm is more fragile than egg. In recent years, the trend of male infertility is more obvious than that of female infertility. Working pressure is high, which affects the secretion of endocrine hormones, resulting in reduced sperm count, decreased sperm motility and abnormal sperm morphology. In men, azoospermia, oligozoospermia, asthenospermia were significantly increased, spermatogenic cells were seriously damaged, sperm quality was reduced, and male fertility was reduced. Statistics showed that the sperm count per milliliter dropped to 20 million to 40 million.
"once again, the mother of cesarean section gave birth again, facing the risk of scarring uterus. The scar can not heal. In the late stage, with the increase of the fetus, it is possible to rupture the uterus and even endanger life. Geng Linlin reminded pregnant mothers to pay special attention to the elimination of uterine scar pregnancy in early pregnancy. It is recommended that women over the age of 40 must consult a doctor first to prevent complications.
decline in human fertility has become a more and more serious social problem. The WHO human reproductive special planning agency reported that the world's infertility rate was as high as 15% - 20%, and the number of Chinese infertile couples was about 15 million. Wang Lina, director of Obstetrics and Gynecology of No.3 Hospital of Beijing University, said that the abortion rate of pregnant women was as high as 15%, and recurrent abortion accounted for about 1/3. Even if it can be conceived and saved, the birth defect rate is 5.6% times that of the developed country, 2 times that of the developed countries.
frozen embryo left "seed"
the success rate of fertility preservation over 38 years old is very low, the survival rate is less than 1%. It is suggested to do fertility preservation before 35 years of age
at the end of 2016, in the second hospital of Changchun City, a parturient Caesarean birth of the next 7 Jin 4 two male baby, mother and son flat. Ann. It was surprising that the woman was 64 years old. The puerpera is pregnant again because of "loss of independence" after 10 years of amenorrhea. The chances of getting pregnant at this age are very small.
with the comprehensive release of the two child policy, the procedure for receiving human assisted reproductive technology is simplified. More and more women of older age choose to spell one more. The frozen sperm and test tube babies become a hot topic. Wang Lina said that assisted reproductive technology has solved the problem of infertility patients and brought many Gospels to many families.
when Wang Lina started in the reproductive clinic, he often had a patient and asked, "doctor, I'm going to do a test tube here. When can I take the baby back?" They thought it was to raise their children in the test tube, not to give birth, and to take the child back in 10 months.
recently, Cheng Lixia, a resident of Shijingshan District, Beijing, gave birth to a second child successfully. The newborn is the daughter of her daughter, but she was born 10 years later. Cheng Lixia was worried about having children, and finally chose to be a test tube baby in No.3 Hospital of Beijing University. The embryos were cultured in the culture dish of the laboratory to form embryos, and embryos or blastocysts were transplanted to the uterus 3 to 5 days after the eggs were taken. After fourth days of transplantation, if it is pregnant, B ultrasound will be performed for 30 days, followed by obstetrics and gynecology. The rest of the embryos were then frozen for the next transplant. After the two child policy was released, Cheng Lixia went to the hospital to ask whether frozen embryos could be thawed, so that she could regenerate a child. Wang Lina said that the success rate of frozen embryos was very high, and at the same time, the traditional concept of fertility was broken.
Wang Lina introduced the implementation of assisted reproductive technology. The incidence of premature birth, pregnancy induced hypertension and gestational diabetes is higher than that of natural pregnancy, and the proportion of multiple births is significantly higher. Multiple births cause birth weight loss, and there are some complications associated with assisted reproduction.
after chemotherapy, the fertility of cancer patients will be devastating and the fertility rate is very low. Wang Lina reminds people of this group that embryos can be frozen in advance to leave "seeds". The study found that over 38 years of age, the success rate of fertility preservation is very low, and the survival rate is less than 1%. Therefore, it is recommended to preserve fertility before the age of 35.
surrogacy can be released
surrogacy should be "brakes", can not run arbitrarily. To put surrogate technology in a specific cage, but this cage can not be too loose, "bullpen shut the cat" is not
there are many ways to treat infertility, such as drug treatment, tube baby, artificial insemination, etc. However, the efficacy of these methods needs to be further improved. At present, the pregnancy rate of general drug treatment is 10% - 15%, the pregnancy rate of test tube baby is 40% - 50%, and the pregnancy rate of artificial insemination is 15% - 20%.
if there is no way to give birth to two children, the other way is surrogacy, but our country strictly prohibits surrogacy. In 2001, the Ministry of Health issued the "human assisted reproductive technology management method", of which third of the second paragraphs pointed out: "the ban on the sale of gametes, zygotes, embryos in any form." Medical institutions and medical personnel should not implement any form of surrogacy. " As a relatively new thing, surrogacy does involve a series of ethical problems, and also brings challenges to social management.
professor Xue Jun, a professor of law school at Peking University, said that in the process of surrogate, even if the sperm and egg belong to a entrusted husband and wife, the child is produced by another female body, and it may also cause some people to have the feeling of disorderly relationship between parents and children. In the process of pregnancy and childbirth, the surrogate may produce a mother child complex for the fetus, and will not give up after the birth of the child, resulting in the struggle for the right of belonging.
Wang Lina said that at present, most countries in the world can allow voluntary surrogacy, and surrogate mothers are basically free. Wang Lina has called for the high incidence of cancer now, and some patients may have cut the womb at 30 or even earlier, and it is really regrettable to lose the right to be a mother for a long time. She suggested appropriate access to surrogacy, but to prevent commercial surrogacy.
professor Wang Yifang, a professor of medical humanities at Peking University, said that ethics should not be the burden of surrogate technology, but should be a tool to promote the orderly development of technology. For families who lose their only families, both husband and wife are not able to reproduce when their sperm and eggs are still available. Surrogate can solve the problem of childbearing in the lost family.
for surrogacy, Geng Linlin has a deep feeling. Many families lost their children in the Wenchuan earthquake. They wanted to have their own children again, but because of age factors, they could not reproduce any more. She called for strengthening ethical supervision and technical supervision, and appropriately opening up surrogacy.
Yin Xiuyun, an associate professor of ethics at the Peking University Health Science Center, believes that the application of surrogate technology has two problems, one is legal, and one is morally. Even if the law does not allow, surrogacy can not be suspended.
Wang said that surrogacy should be "brakes" and not allowed to run arbitrarily. The surrogacy technology should be kept in a specific cage, but the cage should not be too loose.