Exploring the oldest self built garden in China -- Ji'nan Zhongshan Park
Qilu network in July 18th, according to the Shandong radio and television public channel "Shandong past" reported in April 1904, a late night, just from Qingdao inspected the Shandong governor Zhou Fu, and did not sleep as usual as usual. A few days in Qingdao, he saw the great changes that Western civilization has brought to Qingdao since the opening of the port, and also grieved that there was no sovereignty about the ports that had been plundered by the West. He was conscious that the Jiaoji railway had been built to Zhoucun, which was less than one hundred kilometers from Ji'nan. As long as the train was in Ji'nan, the goods would go into the ancient city, and the resources of the mainland would be swallowed by the foreigners. In his mind, Zhou Fu has both yearning for opening to the outside world and hatred for Germany's occupation of Shandong's resources. So, how will the old man who is nearly a year old choose?
1904 May 1st, one month before the Jiaoji railway was opened, Shandong governor Zhou Fu and his predecessor, the northern Minister of the north ocean and Yuan Shikai governor general, asked to open a commercial port in Ji'nan, while Zhoucun and Wei county were used as a sub port.
Zhou Fu and Yuan Shikai's memorial had just been handed up for a long time. After deliberation by the Ministry of foreign affairs of the Qing court, they accepted the play. It is only half a month before and after the formal book to discuss approval, and so fast to prevent the Germans from knowing that the opening of the port will try to obstruct them.
the boundary of the Ji'nan commercial port area is the west of the old city, the first West of the post street in the East, the west to the PIDA tree, the south to the Changqing Avenue, and the four thousand meters of land on the Jiaoji Railway in the north. A German engineer, according to the regional thinking of European city function, divides the commercial port city into seven roads, divided into eleven roads in the north and the south, and forms the financial district, the commercial area, the villa area, and the merchant residential area.
.quot; at that time, the planners did not hurt the brick and tile of the old city, but built a new town outside the old city. The old city still remains and continues to maintain and continue the historical features of the family spring household, while the commercial port new town is neon, full of European style, and the Chinese and Western culture mutually reflect, which constitutes the urban taste of modern Ji'nan. .quot; Miao Lan said.
after the opening of Ji'nan, businessmen and investors from all over the country have come to Ji'nan commercial port in succession. Ji'nan has the first home appliance lamp house, the first western restaurant, the first cinema, the first park, and a Western-style suit, the foreign head (the branch), the bath (go to the bath), the foreign goods and the spot fire (match). Eating foreign food and so on is not only fashionable for young people, but also fashionable in society. In this historical trend, Ji'nan commercial port park has become an indispensable part.
according to the "renewal of the calendar of the calendar", thirty years of Qing Guangxu (1904 AD), the Shandong governor Zhou Fu and the governor of the North foreign minister Zhili governor Yuan Shikai played the imperial court in Ji'nan, Zhoucun, Wei county to open the commercial port. There are offices in the commercial ports, as well as vegetable markets, parks and so on. In the planning of Ji'nan's commercial port, it is determined that parks can be built within three hectares between four roads, four roads and six small weft roads. In the commercial port area, it is called.Quot; the commercial port Park.Quot;.
according to the historical data (Wang Tao's Chinese Garden History) records that in 1868, the imperialists built the Bund Park in the Shanghai concession, and then called the Whampoa Park, the first park in Chinese history, but after the park was built, the Bureau of the Ministry of labor of the concession was not allowed to send the governor to stand guard. Chinese visitors to the inside. It was not until 1927, when the northern expedition was deterred, that it was opened to Chinese people. The earliest Park in Beijing was the Central Park which was rebuilt at the altar of Forbidden City in 1914, and later changed to Zhongshan Park.
the magazine "celebrities of Qilu", founded by the Shandong Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), wrote that in the history of China, there are many cities to open up commercial ports, and they can be built in the commercial ports and can be preserved to the present, only one of the Ji'nan commercial port parks, so it can be called.Quot; the first garden of China,.Quot;
.quot; at that time, Zhongshan Park had such a rule that visitors could bring their own liquor and drink, and the Zhongshan Park from the north gate came to the East through the three weft four road, and the whole weft four was a restaurant street, and many of the more famous Grand restaurants were in that place, and visitors could get from those places. The restaurant has ordered food and drinks, sent it to the Zhongshan Park, and has been drinking with some friends inside, and the charge is low. .quot; Miao Lan said.
to the visitors to the park, not only can enjoy the.Quot; the pine and cypress are green and shady, the flowers are beautiful and fragrant.Quot; the beautiful scenery can also experience the tea and listen to the play, and feel the fun of the western music. The most important thing is that there are many visitors in the park, but.Quot; well organized, people do not disturb the.Quot; and this is the benefit of the beginning of the garden, the Ji'nan municipal government, in order to standardize the garden order, imitate the rules of the western garden, made a series of visitors to the garden rules and park management rules. In the "Ji'nan fast reading" published by
1917, the article describes in detail the early construction of the garden, the government's Charter of the park tour and the rules for the management of the park. In the park touring charter, there are 20 rules to regulate visitors' parks. It is recorded in the book that whoever comes to the park will purchase tickets at the ticket office first, and then enter the park in the access. Visitors to the park need to fish in to avoid crowding. A parking lot is provided in front of the park to allow visitors to park their horses and horses and not to enter the park.
these detailed tour regulations of the park are unheard of by the Jinan people who have never entered the park before. In addition to copying the touring regulations formulated by Western parks, the park also hired park managers to maintain order in the park, which was also the first time. At that time, the administrator was the mayor of the city.
"park management rules" clearly stipulates that managers should not only restrict visitors, but also be responsible for managing all kinds of tenants and their friends in the park. It turns out that the business in the park is not operated by staff, but by businesses in the community. The park is only responsible for management. At the beginning of the establishment of the commercial port Park, it was popular among the people of Ji'nan. So doing business in the park has become a good way for many businessmen to seek benefits. But not all traders can win business in Zhongshan Park. In the year of
1941, in April thirty, the bid rules and regulations for the lease of parks were promulgated by the Ji'nan municipal government. The promulgation and implementation of this rule surprised many businessmen in Ji'nan. At that time,.Quot; tendering.Quot; the word was very strange to the local businessmen in Ji'nan, although in seventeenth Century the UK had already had the earliest bidding, but for the Ji'nan businessmen who were still in the development stage shortly after the opening of the port, it was a new and competitive business. Type.
"Park site tendering method", "park tour articles of association", "park management rules", are all the western advanced cultural and economic management model. For the Jinan people who have been in a relatively closed environment, the introduction of western advanced civilizations undoubtedly has a great impact on the public's vision. More and more people are gathered in the commercial port park to feel the changes brought by Western civilization to their lives.
1925 March 12th, Sun Zhongshan, a pioneer of democratic revolution, died in Beijing at the age of 59. The news spread throughout the country, and many places held memorial services to honor the great revolutionary party member. In April 27th, Mr. Sun Zhongshan held the ceremony of the Ji'nan public memorial ceremony at the commercial port park. Why do such grand and grand activities choose to be held at Ji'nan commercial port park?
stands for a bronze statue of Mr. Sun Zhongshan in the central tourist area of Ji'nan's Zhongshan Park. The bronze statue is 2 meters high and the base is 4 meters high. Mr. Sun Zhongshan wore a traditional robe, a mandarin jacket and a book in his hands. Several facades of the pedestal engraved.Quot, things, knowledge, sincerity, sincerity, self-cultivation, family planning, governing the country, and leveling the world.Quot. This bronze statue was sent to Ji'nan by Sun Zhongshan's granddaughter, Sun Suifang, in September 2011. It was the same as Sun Zhongshan's bronze statue in the old site of the Honolulu Hsin Hui, Hawaii. Why is this precious statue placed in this place? How does Mr. Sun Zhongshan have ties with Ji'nan's Zhongshan Park?
1912, on September 26th, shortly after the commissioning of the Jin Pu railway, a train stopped from Ji'nan's the Yellow River coast from north to south. Mr. Sun Zhongshan, who has always attached great importance to China's railway construction, personally inspected. Sun Zhongshan and Ji'nan recorded Sun Zhongshan's high evaluation of Ji'nan's self opening port:.Quot; open door is enough to protect sovereignty. The former Qing Dynasty took the matter of closed door, and Shanghai concession and Qingdao had no sovereignty. If the Ji'nan shopping malls (ports) are fully opened by myself, they will also open their own doors without damage to the sovereign one. .quot; although Mr. Sun Zhongshan had only stayed in Ji'nan for two days, the people of Ji'nan deeply remembered the great leader who overthrew the monarchy and created the Democratic Republic. In March 12th,
1925 died in Beijing at the age of 59 in March 12th. To commemorate the great pioneer of democratic revolution, the Ji'nan municipal government decided to hold a grand memorial service. During the preparatory process, the location of memorial service has become a difficult problem. According to the committee's statistics, there are also hundreds of groups involved in the memorial meeting, and at least tens of thousands of people who want to attend the memorial ceremony will have at least tens of thousands. If they are held indoors, where should we find the auditorium that can hold so many people in Ji'nan? Moreover, the Ji'nan Jiaoji Railway Workers' strike has just ended, and the citizens' support for the workers' strike in Qingdao and Shanghai is on the high tide. If the memorial meeting is transferred to the outdoor street, so many people are involved in the public sacrifice, how should we maintain the order of the memorial meeting and safeguard the personal safety of the citizens?
when everyone was at a loss, the Ji'nan port Park entered the line of vision. The planning land of the commercial port park at the beginning of the construction is 8 mu, although the actual area is only 4 mu, but it is the only vast and spacious public place for Ji'nan at that time. At the same time, the administrators of Zhongshan Park have been trained by regular management, and the public security cooperation management is also established in the park. A set of strict management order has been formed. Moreover, the public garden is intended for all citizens to visit and play, and its founding idea coincides with Mr. Sun Zhongshan's idea of equality and democracy. In the end, the Preparatory Committee of the General Assembly chose the address of Mr. Sun Zhongshan's memorial service in Ji'nan commercial port park.
1925 April 27th, the Yellow River sobbed, Lishan wept. The solemn and solemn memorial ceremony for Mr. Sun Zhongshan was held in Ji'nan commercial port park.
Sun Zhongshan's 80000 people's memorial service, Wang Mei and other early Communists participated in the event. In participating in this activity, fliers, speeches, striving for the middle school in the Kuomintang and expanding the influence of the Communist Party have played a great role. Especially in commemoration of Sun Zhongshan, there are many activities in this area. There is a material that has been recorded. During the period of the memorial, the organizers sent out eleven kinds of publicity materials. Zhongshan and agriculture, Zhongshan and commerce, Zhongshan and industry were all related to Sun Zhongshan.
according to the fourth edition of the April 30, 1925 Tianjin "grand public newspaper", "the first day of the Shandong community mourning the sun conference":
Ji'nan communications cloud: all walks of life in Shandong mourn Mr. Sun Zhongshan's meeting, and this day is held in the commercial port park. There are about one hundred thousand people from all walks of life. It is the unusually neatly arranged day venue, the park entrance is high in the pine shed, the middle cover has the archway, the upper hanging.Quot; the thin sea and the sad.Quot; the plaque is one side, the garden is arranged in the mat, hanging all walks of life of the union, about 3000 pairs. East and west two Pavilion for the temporary lecture, solemn four Pavilions as the public sacrifice, hanging in the middle of the memorial hall, around with wreaths around the side; each side hanging a plaque, a Book.Quot; five people with sad.Quot; a Book.Quot; bond exhausted.Quot;.
there are two flags and flags hung above Mr. Sun Zhongshan's portrait. There is a couplet beside the statue:.Quot; the revolution has not yet been successful, and the comrades still need to work hard for.Quot; it expresses Mr. Zhongshan's unfinished concern for the cause of the revolution and the hope for the revolutionaries. On the left side of the mat, the military music team is on the left, and the Yale mat, which hangs Mr. Sun Zhongshan's will and aphorism on the right, and the northwestern corner of the park has a temporary office of the memorial meeting, with accounting, editing, and common affairs in order to cope with the various situations in the field.
nine a.m., when the alarm bell rang, the memorial meeting began. The members of the Preparatory Committee, on behalf of the people of Ji'nan, expressed their mourning for the death of Mr. Sun Zhongshan, and the memorial meeting expressed their respect for the Republic of China. After the report, he had a meeting with Chen Junxue and read the will of Mr. Sun Zhongshan again. Then the representative of the supervisor gave a toast before the portrait. Two women, Wang Yuruo and Qin Fengyi, mourn for flowers before the portrait of Mr. Zhongshan. Later, the students from the Jin De middle school sang songs of mourning. At last, all the people who took part in the memorial ceremony made three bow to Mr. Sun Zhongshan's portrait, and then ended the memorial service after playing the funeral music. At one o'clock in the afternoon, the British and Japanese consuls in Ji'nan, as well as the foreign friends of the Francis to the park, gave a memorial ceremony to Mr. Sun Zhongshan. They all expressed their sad feelings. At six p.m., the first day of the memorial meeting was closed. Two days later, many citizens and organizations came to mourn. Mr. Zhongshan's public memorial ceremony lasted for three days. After
the painful memorial meeting, the Ji'nan municipal government decided to make Ji'nan.Quot; the commercial port Park.Quot; renamed.Quot; Zhongshan Park.Quot; to remember Mr. Sun Zhongshan's great achievements. As a result, the Ji'nan commercial port park became the earliest park named by Mr. Sun Zhongshan in the history of China. Since the commercial port park is renamed.Quot; Zhongshan Park.Quot; after that, the chamber of Commerce, the society and other emerging urban social elite, through a variety of social organizations, public speaking as the main way of activities, constantly propagandize their political ideas. Zhongshan Park no longer exists as a monumental meaning, but also sublimated as a symbol of nationalism. After that, Zhongshan Park has been renamed several times, in 1929 for Ji'nan.Quot; 53 massacre.Quot; once renamed.Quot; 53 Park.Quot; after liberation to.Quot; people's Park.Quot; but in the end of Mr. Sun Zhongshan's birthday at 120th anniversary, named.Quot; Zhongshan Park.Quot; continues to continue. So far.