source: Nandu network Author: Wang Qian
26 year old Shanghai girl Yang Lei, 3 years ago, set up the Shanghai partner home pension service service (called "partner home"). This is a private non-profit organization that provides home service for the elderly. It is faced with a potential market of over 500 billion yuan in 2020 and government policy support. But the civil institutions sandwiched between the government and immature markets face the real pressure of survival.
fast old to
Shanghai Pudong New Area Bamboo Garden District, in the bottom building apartment of the simple public house in 90s of last century, 50 year old son Xu Chen Yin accompanied the 86 year old father and the more than 70 year old mother. My father had a stroke 6 years ago and a leg could not move. Mother had the symptoms of dementia 5 years ago. If no one pushed her out in a wheelchair to go out for air, she could lie in bed from morning to night, even the voice of her son could not stir up a half reaction, as quiet as a statue.
after 4 years of solo care, Chen Yinhua hired a home nanny for 5000 yuan, and now he took his mother to the toilet every 3 hours, and three meals a day crushed the food into a liquid and then spent more than half an hour. Xu's sister also has family members to take care of, and can only visit occasionally. Xu Chen Yin bought a weekly massage service for his parents at Yang Lei's service agency, which spent 240 yuan per month.
in Yang Lei's clients, the family that bears such pressure is not alone, but the future is even less optimistic. According to the latest news, it is predicted that the elderly population in China will increase from the current 185 million to the 487 million peak in 2053, and the aging of the population will become increasingly severe. He Anrui, the representative of the United Nations Population Fund's representative office in China, said that one in every 9 people around the world is 60 years old or older. It is predicted that by 2050, there will be one in every 5 people in the world, and one in every 3 people in China.
Shanghai is China's earliest entry into aging area. As early as 1979, the population aged 60 or above in Shanghai accounted for 10% of the total population, reaching the UN's statistical standard for the aging society. In the last 10 years, with the influx of foreign labor, the proportion of people over 65 years of age in Shanghai has declined, but it is still more than 10%.
the rapidly aging future, allowing families with the scale of economic development to bear huge pension pressures. The parents of the first generation only children born in the middle and late 70s of the last century are entering the old age. The group of thirty of the year is facing the double pressure of raising children and supporting the elderly.
on the other hand, providing for the aged in the familiar family environment is still the choice of most Chinese elderly people. According to statistics in 2011, the number of elderly people who would like to live in nursing homes accounted for about 11%. In the past 10 years, this figure has continued to decline. Wu Yushao, deputy director of the office of the National Working Committee on aging, revealed that most of the elderly have their own homes and are willing to live independently or live with their children in familiar neighborhoods.
home pension
is next to the yuan bamboo district next to Xu's house, which belongs to the Weifang street, and the first single government procurement service received by Yang Lei is the day service center of the yuan bamboo seniors in this district. The service center is funded by the government, occupying the entire south level of the old public housing, and the streets and partners are co managed.
Yang Lei designed the decoration of the service center, white doors and windows, wooden fences, and orange sofa beds. 20 community elderly people over 70 years old, in accordance with Yang Lei's design courses, worked nine days and five nights here. 5 days a week, including rehabilitation, exercise, blood pressure measurement, watching movies, drama and health talks. The service center set up a health file for each old man. The old man can take a bath in the service center with the help of the worker. There is a lunch and a dessert every day. The "day care fee" of the old man is 100 yuan a month because of the government subsidies.
88, aged Zhou Guoying, was sitting at the door, rubbing his two watches on his wrist, brisk music and rich scent of osmanthus, which did not disturb the old lady, and gradually disappearing hearing left her away from the world. The staff members of the "partner gathering" walked past her and put her ear to her ear and said, "how beautiful!" The old lady raised his thin wrists and laughed.
starting from managing the service center in 2009, Yang Lei currently takes over 4 community day service centers. The daytime Service Center for the elderly has been developing rapidly in Shanghai in recent years. There are nearly 70 districts in Pudong alone. Ten years ago, Shanghai began pilot projects to provide community services to relieve the pressure of home care. In 2005, China implemented the "home care service" in big cities such as Guangzhou, Beijing, Nanjing and Hangzhou.
by 2008, ten ministries and commissions of China jointly issued a document calling for a comprehensive promotion of home care services. According to the calculation, China's urban home care and home care service and nursing service are two. The potential market scale has exceeded 70 billion yuan at that time, which will exceed 500 billion yuan by 2020. Now, 90% of the elderly in Shanghai have taken care of themselves by the family, 7% of the elderly are from the community home care service, and 3% of the elderly are living in the nursing home.
Yang Lei had just returned from the biochemistry course in England and was hesitant about his career. After reading the document, her mother, a principal of a private bilingual school, alerts her whether she is considering entering the industry. During the period of study in Britain, Yang Lei, who was not interested in the profession, took two and a half years, part-time job as a home care service, and was very familiar with the model of home care for the elderly in the UK.
British experience
2006, north of New England, new castle. Yang Lei, 20, accompanied a more than 60 year old K ate bus to a wedding. 11, the bus didn't appear on time. K ate began to fret, she suffered from dyslexia and mild obsessive-compulsive disorder. She comforted herself with Yang Lei's comfort. She needs to be escorted for 24 hours, especially when she is out, because she can't identify the road map, and is often afraid to be unable to walk.
K ate and boyfriend D avid share an apartment, David suffers from severe mental retardation. Yang Lei's organization manages the pension costs for two elderly people, sends 3 staff and takes turns to accompany two people for 24 hours, cooking for them, purchasing, maintaining houses, and taking part in social activities.
this home care mode is called community care. After the end of World War II, the British government began to discuss possibilities. The first beneficiaries were elderly people who were hospitalized for mental illness or mental retardation. The study found that these people were not well taken care of in the institutions, such as eating too slowly, or even being abused. In the 70s of last century, community care has become the main way for the British to provide for the aged. In 1990, the United Kingdom also issued relevant decrees. Researchers believe that the elderly live in "home like" environment, and the quality of life in their old age is higher than that in the pension institutions and hospitals.
the bus on that day was not too late. Yang Lei accompanied K ate to appear at the wedding ceremony on time. At K ate at night, Yang Lei danced, and her bizarre dance was mocked by some people, but Yang Lei saw her smile, the K ate living in the hospital, which could not be tasted.
"community is the best place for the elderly to live." Yang Lei's British experience made her believe this. After returning home, I met China's policy of promoting home care, which coincides with Yang Lei's idea. In 2008, she spent half a year writing a dozen pages of a report on the feasibility of setting up a private home care service center and directly to the Civil Affairs Bureau of Shanghai.
father of the enterprise suggested that she try to register for business. Business reply to her: "run a nursing home to go to the Civil Affairs Bureau", the Civil Affairs Bureau replied, only private housekeeping companies. She negotiated for two months before she finally registered.
crevice grew
Yang Lei borrowed 100 thousand yuan from her parents to start her own business, and then lost two years. Civil organizations sandwiched between strong governments and immature markets are destined to survive. In May,
although it can get some help from the government, "partners gather" or even lose two years. In 2009, there were only 3 relevant government bidding projects and 0 in 2010. Until 2011, the Pudong New Area government opened up 30 bidding projects for home care services. Yang Lei applied for 8 projects to provide training and activities for 11 Street towns in Pudong and provide free rehabilitation services for the elderly. However, the market demand for home care services is still small. At present, only 30 elderly people receive home rehabilitation therapy, most of whom receive government subsidies and free services.
Yang Lei hopes to expand the market by promoting the UK's home ownership pension. But in the promotion, but encountered the traditional concept of opposition, Chinese children usually automatically inherit the elders, refusing to let their parents rent a house, some old people worry that after they move away, they can no longer return to their own home.
and the plight of old China before getting rich is also hampering the purchasing power of the elderly. Xu Chenyin's parents were well educated, engineers and professors respectively. The current retirement income is 6600 yuan, and nearly 6000 yuan a month for nursing expenses. Yang Lei estimated that the joint model could reduce the spending of the elderly, but it also needed 2500-3000 yuan a month, which was too heavy for the majority of the elderly who took about 2400 yuan retirement wages.
"this market may not mature until 5 years later," a 1500 piece of jigsaw painting on the opposite side of Yang Lei's desk, with a writer starting from looking for a publishing house, and finally winning the Nobel prize. Yang Lei, who splits this picture together, says she knows that all her achievements start with broken little things. She has patience to wait for her success.