rule of law weekend
rice fields, Yang Jiaoyang is running a tractor for grain.
in Zhejiang, there are many college students like Yang Jiaoyang who are called "new farmers". Many of them, after graduating from University, joined in the forefront of agricultural production. Now, they use rich income and higher social status to answer the answer, to some extent, in response to the "who to plant" the Chinese society is facing the problem
rule of law Weekend reporter Kabo
from Beijing, Zhejiang Taizhou
this year, Yang Jiaoyang returned to Zhejiang Province. Tiantai County, Taizhou, the sixth year of agricultural entrepreneurship. In the media description, the post-80s female college student was transformed from a crying girl into a "professional farmer" and "CEO".
at the same time, in recent years, more and more examples of university students' farming after graduation have emerged in the recent years.
Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hebei, Fujian and other places all have cases of College Students' agricultural entrepreneurship. The establishment of agricultural cooperatives, large-scale planting and the development of eco agriculture are all the choices and directions for college students to enter the countryside.
farming workers "fault" worry
rule by law Weekend reporter saw Yang Jiaoyang in the afternoon of November 13th, Tiantai County overcast with light rain.
for the first time to see Yang Jiaoyang, it is difficult to link the little girl in front of her eyes with the words "big grain producers" and "big sellers". She had wheat colored skin and chestnut wavy hair, surrounded by a colorful scarf.
this is her disguise when she does not work. Before
arrived at Yang Jiaoyang's cooperative, the reporter passed through a golden paddy field. Some of the harvested places had traces of fire, leaving only black rice straw sticks.
rule by law Weekend reporter came to barn with Yang Jiaoyang. The harvested rice can be bagged after drying and sold to the grain station.
outside the barn, a truck carrying grain is ready to start. Yang Jiaoyang greeted the "foreman" who was driving the car and talked a few words about selling grain.
Yang Jiaoyang told reporters that most of the rice fields in her cooperatives increased this year. "Last year, 1200 kilograms of real estate per mu can reach 1300 Jin this year."
outside the warehouse, seven or eight peasants, aged 60 or so, saw Yang Jiaoyang coming. They were busy coming up and talking to Yang Jiao Yang. Yang Jiaoyang simply greeted them and went straight into the warehouse to talk with the foreman.
farmers outside the warehouse are Yang Jiaoyang's short-term workers who are invited to work when they are busy farming. In the interview with Yang Jiaoyang, this picture left a deep impression on the reporter - a young girl was directing a group of fifty or sixty year old farmers to work.
Yang Jiaoyang told reporters that the asking price of farm workers has been increasing. Now the men's wages are 100 yuan a day, while the female workers are 70 yuan. Male workers mainly do some moving work, and women workers are usually responsible for packing, binding and so on.
however, even if the treatment is not low, it is difficult for Yang Jiaoyang to invite farmers willing to work. "It's very worrying." She sighed, and then said.
in addition to these short-term jobs, Yang Jiaoyang's Cooperatives also employ 7 "foreman". They are between 40 and 50 years old and are responsible for the daily management of cooperatives. In Yang Jiaoyang's view, the treatment for them is very generous - they eat and eat, and they spend 50 thousand yuan a year in cash.
"if the old people who are willing to work for farming leave, they really face the fault of the peasants." Yang Jiaoyang frowned. "Now many young people are reluctant to return home and do not want to be in agriculture."
in fact, the question of "who will cultivate the land" has long aroused nationwide concern.
surveys show that many rural migrant workers are women and middle-aged and elderly people, and the proportion of primary school and below is more than 50%; the new generation of migrant workers, which account for more than 60% of the total number of migrant workers, are not willing to return to the countryside.
for example, more than 80% of the migrant workers in Gongan County, Hubei, are between the ages of 50 and 65, and 80% of these "old farmers" are reluctant to look at their own "grain rations" for various reasons.
not only that, but there are few farmers who graduated from agricultural majors.
Fu Bentao, a graduate student majored in horticulture, is a technician of natural heart (Beijing) Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. His job now is to work in the field of the Eco Farm.
Fu Bentao told the rule of law weekend journalists that his agricultural related major classes were not more than 30% in agriculture related work, and the proportion of agricultural related work in the master's class was about 60%. However, most of them choose the staff of the agricultural sector and related institutions, and few people really engage in agricultural production as well as themselves.
in 2007, after graduating from the accounting major of Career Technical College in Zhejiang Province, he worked as an accountant in a company in Ningbo. But the leisurely and repetitive work made Yang Jiaoyang less and less satisfied with the job. Yang Jiaoyang is also doubting the choice of the city. She found herself gradually losing her ideal and motivation in the city.
in 2008, Yang Jiaoyang resigned his accounting work in Ningbo and made up his mind to go back to his hometown to start an agricultural undertaking. She's going to be a new professional farmer.
"in those days, I came back to start an agricultural undertaking with two simple ideas." Yang Jiaoyang recalls, "it was a pity to get home from Ningbo once and see the fields in his hometown, and it was a pity. Two is to hear that the country has introduced a variety of preferential policies to support grain production and agricultural production." So I didn't think too much, so I quit my job and went home to start my own business.
Yang Jiaoyang's choice aroused strong opposition from his family. She also faces doubts from relatives and neighbours. They can not understand that a college student who is not easy to get out of the countryside needs to go back to the countryside to do something like this. There are not many people who question Yang Jiaoyang's "no land".
in rural China, there are quite a few people who believe in low agricultural status.
this year, the public opinion poll released by the Guangzhou Public Opinion Research Center showed that more than half of the villagers in Guangdong did not agree with the "farmers can get rich", and nearly 40% of the villagers believed that the social status of the farmers was low. Hard work and low income are the primary reasons why young people are unwilling to farm.
in the course of Yang Jiaoyang's farming, she finally won the support of her family. Next, she faced three difficult problems: capital, technology and land.
Yang Jiaoyang hired a friend of his father as a technical adviser to solve technical problems.
the biggest remaining problem is money. Yang Jiaoyang worked for only a year and saved only 15 thousand yuan. Yang Jiaoyang's parents live on vegetable wholesale and have little savings. Finally, with support from parents and family members, Yang Jiaoyang finally started business with 60 thousand yuan as the starting capital. She led the establishment of Tian Wo food cooperatives and served as chairman.
then, Yang Jiaoyang contracted the 400 acres of farmland at the beginning of the red flag village in Baihe Town of Tiantai County for rice cultivation. In addition to
, Yang Jiaoyang also contracted a total of 200 mu of land in the village of Chiang Tsuen and Baixi town in the town of Pingqiao after Tiantai county. In May of that year, Yang Jiaoyang started the large-scale rice planting on these 600 acres.
"I was already late at that time. The rice seedlings in other fields have grown very high. The rice in my field has only grown so pitiful. After nearly 6 years, Yang Jiaoyang recalls that the past is still sad.
fortunately, the temperature of October and November was still suitable for the growth and maturity of rice. Otherwise, Yang Jiaoyang would not harvest.
despite the harvest, Yang Jiaoyang's grain production still lost nearly 200 thousand yuan in the first quarter due to lack of experience. "
" in 2009, with the support and help of the government department, I also became the representative of the media set up for college students' agricultural entrepreneurship, and no matter how hard it was, it was not as hard as the first year. " Yang Jiaoyang said.
the realization of the whole process of mechanization
the first year of entrepreneurship, Yang Jiaoyang fully realized the importance of realizing agricultural mechanization.
Yang Jiaoyang still remembered that in 2008, the harvest season came, because there was no dryer, so the harvested rice had to be on the side of the road. In order to prevent the rice from being stolen, Yang Jiaoyang and his mother stayed at the side of the road, and even spent the night at the roadside.
the first loss did not let Yang Jiaoyang shrink from it. In 2009, she learned the lessons of less mechanical work and delayed the agricultural time. Under the guidance of the local agricultural department, she introduced plant breeding and mechanized transplanting technology, and became the first agricultural enterprise to successfully adopt early rice and single season rice plant to raise rice seedlings and plant rice seedlings.
Tian He cooperative set up a 20 mu seedling raising center in the post Chiang village, providing a seedling guarantee for the planting of transplanter machine, and building a drying center to provide a drying service for the members of the community.
over the past few years, the cooperatives have purchased 35 sets of agricultural machinery, such as large tractors, so as to realize the whole mechanization of grain production and to carry out the facilities service of grain production.
a large number of agricultural machinery put into use, so that Yang Jiaoyang in Tiantai county took the lead in realizing the whole process of grain production mechanization.
agricultural mechanization not only improves production efficiency, but also greatly enhances the ability to resist natural disasters. Yang Jiaoyang was deeply impressed.
this year is a disaster year for agriculture in Zhejiang province. The first is continuous high temperature and drought, followed by typhoon crossing, and nearly 100 million acres of grain and field in Zhejiang province.
although Yang Jiaoyang's more than a thousand mu rice fields are not affected by the typhoon, but there are still nearly a hundred acres of paddy field affected by drought.
Yang Jiaoyang brought reporters to this paddy field. The rice is still green in yellow. She plans to arrange the field for the final harvest.
however, whether the 1100 Mu rice yield increased or the 100 mu affected by the disaster is the result of Yang Jiaoyang actively organizing 24 hours pumping irrigation. "Before I thought that the land would not be collected, then there was water, and then the spike came out." Yang Jiaoyang said.
although as the director of the cooperative, but when the farm is busy, if the hired workers ask for leave, Yang Jiaoyang will open the "top class", such as the tractor, the harvester and so on.
College Students "new farmers" are divided into three categories of
in Zhejiang, there are many students like Yang Jiaoyang, who are called "new farmers".
director of the agricultural and Resource Environmental Protection Committee of Zhejiang Provincial People's Congress and former director of the Agricultural Department of Zhejiang Province, Zhao Zongying, told the rule of law weekend reporters that since the founding of the Federation of farmers' professional cooperatives in Zhejiang Province, since September 2011, the training classes for the major students of the Province farmers' professional cooperatives have been held, and 3 have been held. In this year, fourth stages of training will be held.
it is reported that training courses mainly include laws and regulations, operation and management, financial management, marketing, quality and safety of agricultural products and so on. In addition, training courses also involve human life, life planning and so on.
"they will report different training courses according to their planting types, such as fruit tree cultivation, livestock raising, and grain planting. But no one tells them anything that needs attention from the macro level. Zhao Zongying told the weekend of the rule of law about the intention of the training class. He was also called "headmaster" kindly by the students.
Zhao Zongying introduced, according to incomplete statistics, Zhejiang university graduates engaged in agricultural personnel less than one thousand people, and this number is increasing year by year.
college students are mainly divided into three categories: "agriculture two generation", "College Students' agricultural entrepreneurship" and "cooperative recruitment of university students". Among these three categories, the success rate of the two categories of "agriculture two generation" and "College Students' agricultural entrepreneurship" is relatively high.
Wang Enfeng, a "85 after farmer" from Yuhuan County, Taizhou, is a relatively rare agricultural college student who is an agricultural entrepreneur. Wang Enfeng, who studied horticulture at University, liked agriculture very much when he was a student. He used to grow vegetable gardens with his classmates.
Wang Enfeng is now the general manager of Yuhuan green field Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. He spent 7 years converting the more than 3000 acres of barren saline alkali land into a high-efficiency agricultural harvest garden, which led to the increase in local farmers' income. The professional cooperative he founded not only planted crisp melon, pomelo and other fruits, but also built a chicken raising base.
Wang Enfeng told the Weekend reporter of the rule of law, in his view, "the most important thing in developing modern agriculture is to combine theory with practice."
"new farmers" problem
as the "new farmer" in Zhejiang Province, Yang Jiaoyang, Wang Enfeng and others are both direct participants in agricultural entrepreneurship, but also the direct beneficiaries of preferential policies.
in November 15th, the Ministry of Agriculture said that it would tilt the new professional farmers in the fields of land circulation, financial insurance and production subsidies to solve the problem of "who will grow the land".
as early as 2010, Zhejiang Province issued relevant documents to provide subsidies for qualified grain producers and agricultural cooperatives. Yang Jiaoyang received a subsidy of 15 thousand yuan for 3 years in a row.
, however, these subsidies are more and more difficult to drive the enthusiasm of new farmers.
"nearly two years, the production cost is higher and higher. For example, the price of contracted land has increased from 200 yuan per mu to 450 yuan per mu now, and the labor cost has risen from the original fifty or sixty yuan to 100 yuan now. Yang Jiaoyang explained.
"of course it also has something to do with me. After the media report (my experience), a lot of foreign agricultural entrepreneurs have come to Tiantai, more and more people are engaged in land contract, so the price is lifted up.
in addition, as a member of the Taizhou Municipal Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), Yang Jiaoyang also proposed two proposals on agricultural problems, reflecting the development problems that Yang Jiaoyang is facing now.
first, land contracts need to be standardized. From 2008 to now, people engaged in agricultural entrepreneurship are increasing. Yang Jiaoyang is gradually losing the advantage of land contract cost.
"farmers pay much attention to the contract price, which is the lowest in comparison with planting economic crops such as watermelon and grape. Therefore, despite the signing of contracts, some farmers will also rise in price, and land contract prices have been rising, but many farmers are reluctant to rent. Yang Jiaoyang explained.
"there is another question about when the contract will be delivered." In 2008, the contract was settled after the harvest of late rice. Now, farmers are required to sign the contract and pay directly. We need to spend 300 thousand yuan at a time and have difficulties in capital turnover.
Second, for agricultural production, the cost of road maintenance is removed from the price of agricultural machinery oil.
Yang Jiaoyang gave the reporter an account. From autumn to date, the cost of the diesel engine in her co-operatives including dryers, tractors, harvesters and other machines was 110 thousand yuan, of which 10 thousand yuan was a road maintenance fee.
"our agricultural machinery is mainly not running on the road. Why should we pay the road toll?" Yang Jiaoyang questioned her proposal to rationalize the price of diesel for agriculture.
in 2012, Wang Enfeng was elected the representative of the National People's Congress of Zhejiang Province, and submitted a proposal to strengthen the relevant proposals for supporting college students to engage in the development and management of modern agriculture.
in Wang Enfeng's research, at present, in the agricultural labor force of Zhejiang, only 0.1% of the college and above education level, 71.3% of the professional cooperatives want to introduce college students as soon as possible.
Wang Enfeng suggested raising the subsidy standard and expanding the subsidy scope, giving policy tilt to the university students' establishment of modern agriculture.
in Yang Jiaoyang's view, in addition to policy tilt, "college students" should not blindly follow suit, and do not give up easily. Solid research is the essential part of agricultural entrepreneurship. After
Yang Jiaoyang's farming deeds were reported by the media, many college students went to Tiantai to learn the classics, hoping to try agricultural entrepreneurship. However, according to Yang Jiaoyang's understanding, although there are many college students with "ideas", only one of them has actually started business in agriculture.