Less than 4% of infants under the age of 3 are in the city: the problem of hosting children into workplace parents.
workers' daily Zhao Jianying Liu Xu
"children under 3 years of age are becoming more and more obvious." Wang Xin, general manager of Xinye Dingxin Electronic Precision Technology Co., Ltd. As the general manager of the two companies, she found that many of the women who had given birth to one child were afraid to give birth to two children, for fear that no one would take care of them.
in recent years, although the state has liberalized the policy of two children, from the statistics of the National Health Planning Commission, the number of hospitalized births in 2017 is 17 million 580 thousand, 1 million 60 thousand, 5.7% lower than the 18 million 640 thousand in 2016, and the number of births is not rising. The time cost, economic cost and care burden of two child raising are regarded as the three important reasons that affect childbearing desire of women of childbearing age. How to ease the 0 to 3 year old infants and young children's difficulties in getting into the nursery, to solve their parents' problem of child custody has become a public problem to be solved urgently.
poor care service and low admission rate
survey showed that at present, 32.9% of full time mothers under 3 years of age in our country have been forced to break off employment because of children's unattended care, and the average employment time has been interrupted for more than two years. Of the uninterrupted mothers, more than 47.8% of the women were on average 1.7 days off from taking care of their children. 60.7% of the "one child" mothers do not want to have "two children" because no one is looking at their children. "
" the current market for children under 3 years of age children's institutions, mostly early education mainly, mainly for children to provide music, art and intellectual development courses, high costs, class time is not matching and other issues. Wang Xin said.
reporter interviewed found that these infant institutions, in addition to the high cost, the number is also very scarce. "High quality public gardens are difficult to meet the needs of the public, and private gardens provide less inclusive services." Insiders said that due to the imperfect policy system of children under 3 years of age, the risk of institutional operation pressure and other factors, the supply of services was seriously insufficient. Insufficient
childcare services result in overload of some child care institutions. It is understood that in 2016, there were 239 thousand and 800 kindergartens in China, 44 million 138 thousand and 600 children in kindergartens, and 2 million 498 thousand and 800 kindergarten directors and teachers. The ratio between teachers and students reached 1:17.7, far below the standard of Education Ministry of 1:5 to 1:7.
according to Yitong, deputy director of the Beijing scientific research center, the data provided by Yitong to the workers' daily: in Chinese cities, the rate of children under 3 years of age is less than 4%, while the proportion of the developed countries is more than 30%.
how does the supply quantity increase?
there are fewer kindergartens in the community. Some enterprises and institutions try to set up kindergartens themselves to solve the problem of child custody of parents in the workplace. "I am in the majority of the school women workers, in order to help women workers to lighten the burden of care for children, let them work in peace, we have tried to start two kindergartens in the school. The workers come to work every day to put their children in the nursery class, and then take them away after work. Yang Wen, chairman of the Shandong Yingcai University, said.
however, the strength of enterprises and institutions is limited, so it is necessary for the whole society to participate in solving the difficult problem of infants under 3 years of age. Su Hua, deputy director of the China Vocational Education Society, said that social forces could be encouraged to hold inclusive kindergartens, to expand and expand the weak kindergartens. The new kindergartens and old cities should be equipped with inclusive kindergartens to set up more quality kindergartens. Through standardized, high level preschool education, to help children grow up healthfully and happily.
"urban streets and large residential communities can also use public service resources to promote community care services." According to Yi Tong, we can encourage social forces to set up community chain type care service outlets through tax incentives, site conditions and policy support. Through assessment and assessment, some organizations with good reputation and more standardized service are put on record system and management supervision is carried out according to the standard.
the system of nurturing public service needs to reshape
"after the two child policy falls to the ground, it needs social policy support to cultivate infants and young children, but the policy of promoting child care service under 3 years of age still needs to be improved." Huang Xihua, the Deputy Secretary General of Huizhou municipal government, which has appealed many times for preschool education, said that our country lacks a strong and effective support policy for the government led and pluralistic holding service institutions.
"the government supports private nurseries, and it is not" threshold "or" high threshold ". Enterprises and institutions and social organizations want to open children day care center or full-time education service early education center, and some want to set up small mutual assistance service institutions in the community, but most of them are difficult to obtain qualification license. The yellow flower said.
"promoting infant care services from the public service level is an important measure to solve the problem of infant care." Yitu said.
"the problem of nursing and education for 0~3 year old infants is not only a problem of a child, a family, but also a social development. Based on the huge social needs, infant nursery public service system needs to be reshaped urgently. In this process, the government, women's federations, communities, universities, social capital and other forces participate in the joint efforts. Yang Wen said.