Re: China's rural fertility outlook has changed. Many villagers are allowed to give birth to a second child and give up.
32, has been working hard for 10 years in Beijing. Her husband is a black car driver who sells vegetables. Zhang Xiuyou's two daughters, 8 years old, and 3 years old. The husband occasionally reveals the idea of wanting a son, and instantly she will be confused.
"two are all more!" One more, I don't think about it! We need to spend money everywhere and regenerate one. Can he support our mother? Besides, how many life can I live? Don't get yourself guilty! ' Zhang Xiu said.
Zhang Xiu's mentality is very common among the more than 200 million floating population in China. Behind this is a huge change in the concept of fertility in China's rural population, the root of which is the double squeeze of urbanization and birth policy.
over the past thirty or forty years, the process of urbanization in China has been progresses by leaps and bounds, which has a huge impact on the rural population's fertility desire. Guo Zhigang, a demographer of Peking University, found that the proportion of women of child-bearing age (20~30 years old) reached 42.34% in 2000, which was 5.42 percentage points higher than the total population. After these women of childbearing age have entered the city, the living environment has changed greatly, the pressure is greater, and the opportunity is more, which greatly disturb the women's childbearing behavior, reduce the number of childbearing children, and postpone the birth age.
the traditional rural childbearing desire is higher than the city because of the concept of traditional rural prevention and prevention, the social security is far from sound, and the different ways of labor and the way of life are different from the cities. However, according to the fertility wish survey conducted by many research institutes over the years, the fertility desire of rural people has dropped significantly since the 90s of last century.
turning point appeared in 1990, and then went down all the way. The fertility willingness of urban and rural areas in 2000s was 1.39 and 1.79 respectively. Although the fertility desire of rural people is still higher than that of urban residents, it has already been significantly lower than the replacement level of 2.1 generations. For various reasons, the actual fertility rate is often much lower than the fertility wish. For example, Japan and South Korea have a long-term fertility desire of over 2, but the actual fertility rate is between 1.05 and 1.45 in the recent 10 years.
six general data showed that the total fertility rate of women registered by agricultural household registration was only 1.172, lower than that of 1.366 of agricultural household non mobile women. This shows that whether the rural women who go out for work or the women who stay in the countryside, the actual fertility rate is quite low.
the relatively strict family planning policy is also an important factor to lower the fertility desire in rural areas. Although compared with the city, the one-half policy in some rural areas (if the first child is a daughter, can regenerate one; if the first child is a boy, not allowed to regenerate) is relatively loose, but still contradicted the relatively high fertility wishes of the rural areas of the 70s and 80s of last century. Around the whole country, there are many startling stories about life and failure. With the process of urbanization, more and more people are unwilling to pay too much for multiple births, and the desire to give birth is also declining year by year.