China's rural fertility outlook has changed. Many villagers are allowed to give birth to a second child and give up.
do you remember "Hainan Island" and "Turpan"? On the Spring Festival Gala in 1990, when Huang Hong, the super guerrilla captain, with the big belly of Song Dandan, went on the stage, he also branded a stereotype in many Chinese hearts: the rural people were too fond of birth, leaving their homes and giving birth to their children. China has a large population, which is caused by the love of children in rural areas.
this stereotype is so deep that it still exists today. After a series of reports on "large population data" published in September, a reader called the first Financial Daily reporter and said, "I am in favor of the content of aging in your article, but I do not agree that children are too few now. Now there are a lot of life in the countryside. If you look at the market, which one is not two or three?
is that true? Let's listen to the large numbers of the population.
the unexpected truth
2012 year, our reporter in Yicheng, Shanxi to do the survey was really surprised. According to the policy, if farmers meet the requirement of late marriage and late childbirth, the farmers here can have two children. But many people voluntarily give up the chance to have two children, and there are more and more such people.
Ma Zengxia, a villager in Nan Shou Cheng village, Tang Xing Town, Yicheng County, is a typical example. Most of the firstborn children who gave up two children were boys, but Ma was born of a daughter. In 2004, Ma Zengxia and his wife got the only child card. When their daughter was 11 years old, they took the initiative to withdraw the second child index, and got 5000 yuan bonus according to local policies.
"there's a lot of kids around." The children are few, the adult burden is light, can also give the child to the best effort, can raise a good. Ma Zengxia said.
maybe you would say that this may be just a special case. To see the data: the population growth in 2000~2010 years and ten years shows that the national population growth rate is 5.84%, the annual average growth rate is 0.57%, the population growth rate of Yicheng county is 2.71%, and the annual average growth rate is 0.27%.
Ma Zengxia is not a special case in Yicheng, nor is Yicheng a special case in rural China. Gu Baochang, a demographer at Renmin University of China and a demographer Zheng Zhenzhen from the Institute of population and labor economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, found similar phenomena in his research. In rural areas of Jiangsu and Hubei, where people are allowed to have two births, people often give up two births.
fertility concept and fertility behavior in urban and rural areas tend to converge with economic development. According to the national population and Family Planning Commission published by the national population and Family Planning Commission of the national population and family planning survey of the 2006 major data communiqu, the average number of children of women of childbearing age in the country is 1.73. The average number of ideal children in agricultural household and non agricultural household accounts for 1.78 and 1.60 respectively.
according to the sixth census, the total fertility rate of the rural population is only 1.44, which is only 0.46 higher than that of the urban population.
the sharp decline in the number of rural schools and students in China also confirms the low fertility rate in rural areas. According to the statistics of the Ministry of education, the number of rural primary schools in the country has reduced by more than half to 260 thousand from 550 thousand in the last 10 years, while the school age population at the stage of compulsory education at 6~14 years in the country decreased from 205 million in 2000 to 158 million in 2010. Although this reduction can be partly attributed to the flow of rural population to the cities, the low fertility rate in rural areas is one of the fundamental reasons.
when it comes to floating population, it has to be mentioned that in the prejudice of "rural people love babies", the most prominent thing is to target the floating population. Whether Huang Hong or Song Dandan shaped the image of the super life guerrilla, or the "stalls, peddlers and children" in the city's eyes, they all refer to the floating population. The issue of family planning for floating population has also been considered difficult.
but the truth is a surprise again. According to the study on the relationship between population migration and fertility in China, according to Chen Wei and Wu Lili, a scholar of the population and development center of Renmin University of China, the fertility rate of urban migrant population is not only significantly lower than the local population in rural areas, but also lower than the local population of the city. Among the 328445 15~49 years old women of childbearing age, the total fertility rate of the urban migrant population is 0.94, the rural local population is 1.28, and the local population of the city is 1.01.