the first professional skill competition in Anhui and county. A total of 77 athletes from 7 towns and 3 economic development zones in the county participated in the competition. The local government departments should carry out employment skills training to help migrant workers master certain vocational skills. People picture
they go to middle age to work hard in order to get enough food and clothing and have better life for their children.
construction workers, sanitation workers, cleaners, dishwasher... Because of the lack of skills and no culture, most of them are the most bitter, tired and dirtiest in the city;
is too old for their employment. They often have to endure the age discrimination of the employment units not "women over 40, men over 50 years old", low wages and working conditions, and social security.
a lot of them, many of them want to work in the city until "do not move", and then return to the rural endowment, children are their hope, many people put the hope of good life to the next generation, the most afraid of "a family is a part-time job" embarrassment.
let us get closer to the "4050" migrant workers.
"4050" migrant workers are not picky about their work, but they still have to face the distress of "age, lack of skill, difficult job hunting"
7 on the morning of />7 month 4, the highest temperature of 35 degrees Celsius in the city of Beijing, the sun is in the air. On the Beiyuan Road in Changping District, Lu Da Jie, a sanitation worker wearing long trousers and a sun helmet, is cleaning the rubbish on the roadside.
Lu Da Jie is 44 years old and his hometown is in Heilongjiang. She has been working as an environmental sanitation worker in Beijing since 2008. "Working 8 hours a day is not complicated. This is a clean road about 3000 meters." Reckoning that she needs to walk 12 kilometers every day when she works.
"dry sanitation, poor working conditions, low income, young people do not like to come, are our age migrant workers." Lu said that her basic salary is 1400 yuan, plus daily subsidies such as vacuuming subsidies, making about 2300 yuan a month.
in the late 80s of last century, a large number of rural surplus labor came to work in cities. Over the past 20 years, the young migrant workers who were very young and strong were nearly half a year old. According to statistics, at present, such as Lu Da Jie, "4050" (women over 40 years of age, male 50 years or above) migrant workers, accounting for about 40% of the total number of migrant workers, more than 100 million people.
compared with the younger generation of migrant workers, the "4050" migrant workers are not picky about their work, most of them are the dirtiest, the most tired and the most bitter jobs in the city. However, as they grow older, they are facing the agony of "age, lack of skills, and difficulty in finding jobs".
every day at noon, Zhang Hai, a dishwasher in a Beijing canteen, has to wash dishes with more than 10 thousand bowls, plates and other utensils together with 5 companions. "This bowl of washing for half a year is catching up with the bowl I washed all my life." Zhang Dahai, more than 50 years old, is slightly bent and walks slowly.
Zhang Dahai told reporters that he had many years of driving experience and originally came to Beijing to find a job of driving. "A taxi requires a Beijing account. People who want to drive a truck are all strong boys. The maximum age is under 35 years old. At the age of ours, the formal recruitment workers did not consider it at all. They could only brush dishes and carry plates. Zhang Dahai brushes dishes for about 2000 yuan a month. He doesn't expect high wages and no delinquency.
nearly two years, many places appear "recruitment difficulty". But when we look at the recruitment conditions of enterprises, we often have a "hard bar" - usually not more than 35 years old. A survey by the Department of labor and Social Security Department of the Ministry of human resources and social security shows that "18 to 35 years old" has almost become a general rule for enterprises to recruit universal workers. Some enterprises even require "under 28 years of age".
many of the "4050" migrant workers in the interview have said that because of their age, lack of skill, and low cultural level, they are getting harder and harder to find jobs. They can only choose industries with poor working conditions, low wages and young people, and do not dare to raise jobs because they are afraid of dismissal and the older they are. It's harder to find a job again. Zhu Airong,
42, worked as a cleaner in an office in Beijing. Her husband worked in the same unit for security. The monthly salary of two people was only 1800 yuan. The salary is not high, but this is the best job she can find with her husband after many comparisons.
there are old, lower and smaller, "4050" migrant workers live the heaviest burden, the biggest desire is that children can have a good development of
for "4050" migrant workers, is in the "old, lower, small" stage, the most heavy burden of life. Children are both their driving force and their hope. In order to have a good environment for their children, they do their best in the city.
"if it weren't for the sake of children's better life, we would not work so hard in the city." Near the exit of Metro Line 13 in Beiyuan Road, the migrant worker Zhou Tao, a peasant worker who sells rolls, told reporters that she and her husband had worked in Beijing from Caoxian, Heze, Shandong, in 2001. For more than a decade, seven or eight villages in the city had been changed, and several small restaurants had been opened, but they did not earn any money because of the demolition and the remote locations. Today, at home and in the face of the husband, she sells the rolls at the subway entrance, and has more than 2000 yuan a month.
although hard, but mention a pair of children, 50 year old Zhou Tao is pleased. My daughter graduated from university and worked as a teacher at New Oriental English school. My son was admitted to the architecture specialty of Tongji University in Shanghai and will be able to work in two years. At this stage, Zhou Tao is most worried about his son's tuition and living expenses. "Tuition fee is more than 6000 yuan a year, accommodation cost is more than 2000 yuan, the monthly cost of living is 600 yuan, less than 15 thousand yuan a year. I'm not afraid of your jokes. Now I want to have children again, and I'm afraid I'll go on with my children's calls, because I have to send money to my children. Zhou peaches said bitterly.
Zhu Airong's son also went to college, studied acupuncture in a Medical University in Ji'nan, and went to a private clinic after graduation. Let Zhu Airong worry about his son's own affairs. "The child talked about a girlfriend when he went to college. But people think that our family is poor, that we all work, Grandpa and grandma work, father and mother also work, do not want to let my daughter and my son.
is different from the townspeople. At the age of more than 40, the children of migrant workers are married and have children. Working hard and saving money desperately to get married and buy a house for children become the focus of life of these migrant workers.
"the house in the city can't afford to buy it, but you want to buy a suite for your son at home." Yu Guangju of Sichuan, my hometown, said. At the age of 45, she and her husband spent 100 thousand yuan to buy a house in the old county town as the eldest son's wedding room. Although the eldest son worked in Shanghai, he did not return once a year. "If you buy a house, you can't live without it." The 100 thousand yuan spent all her savings and borrowed 20 thousand yuan from her relatives. Now, Yu Guang Ju and her husband are saving money for debt repayment and marriage for their 18 year old son. What makes her worried is that in the last few years, her husband dug the subway to earn more than 30 thousand yuan a year, but now the strain of the waist muscle can't do the heavy work. It can only be a cleaner in the district. The monthly income is only 1000 yuan, and the burden of life is all pressed on Yu Guangju as an hour worker.
"working in the city until it does not work so far", "do not move to the old home", become "4050" migrant workers general mentality
40 years old, 50 years old, the city workers have units, how to do more than ten years?
worked abroad for many years, Zhu Airong gradually became accustomed to the life of the city, dressed and treated as if he were a city dweller. Whenever I mention my hometown, Zhu Airong's eyes flicker all over. "I want to go back to the countryside, the air is fresh, the house is spacious and bright, and I ordered my own dishes in front of the house, and now I pick it up when I cook." Zhu Airong said, now the more than 30 mu of land has been wrapped up for the younger sister's son, and the cost of the contract has been 200 yuan per mu.
but the income of farming is still too small and the risk is great. Zhu Airong sighed when he wanted to think about it. "Last year, under the heavy rain in Northeast China, all kinds of soybeans were flooded, and they clamored to work in Beijing." Zhu Airong said she and her husband's brothers and sisters are almost all family members. Even her 70 year old mother in law is also a babysitter in Tianjin. "My mother-in-law was very competent. She went to Harbin as a babysitter in the 90s of last century. Now I want to work in Tianjin for two years until I am 70 years old.
the father in law's mother-in-law now seems to be Zhu Airong's tomorrow. "We do not participate in old-age insurance, work is always changing, do not participate in the new rural social endowment insurance, pension in the future can only rely on themselves. It's good for children to manage themselves well, so they can only do more work and save more money.
Zhang Dahai told reporters that his wife was also 60 years old, a babysitter in a household in Gulou Street, Beijing, with 2400 yuan per month and 2 days of rest day. "We want to go back to our hometown in two years, and now we'll try to save more money."
reporter learned in the interview that most of the "4050" migrant workers have the same idea as Zhu Airong, "retirement by themselves", "working in the city until it does not move", "do not move to the old home" become a general mentality. But no matter Zhang Hai or Zhu Airong, the longer age is, the harder it is to earn money in town. The lower the wages, the higher the prices, the less money they can save.
Long Wenjun, a researcher at the agricultural research center of the Ministry of agriculture, points out that most of the older migrant workers are engaged in the construction and service industries with low technical content, and have little energy to consider their own old-age problems. Even if there is a sense of participation, the continuity and stability emphasized by the social security will also become their major problem. Therefore, it is imperative to further improve the old-age insurance system in China, improve the old-age security facilities and services for this generation of migrant workers, and increase the investment of rural old-age security facilities.
experts also suggested that the society should give more care to the "4050" migrant workers and attach importance to the survival, development and fair employment rights of this group. From the age of 16 to the legal retirement age of 60 (the female worker is now 50), there is no surprise that a worker has a career of about 40 years. Now, over the age of 40, enterprises are unwilling to call for use, which is equivalent to abandoning half of the labor market early, and unfair to labourers. The government should strengthen the skills training for the older workers, guide the enterprises to change their ideas, treat the older labor force, and give full play to their hard work and steady and steady advantages.