30 years later, there are 1 old people in 3 people. Where shall we go for the aged?
Li Jinhong, Dong Xiaohong
in 30 years, there are 1 old people in 3.
Where will we go for the elderly in the future?
recently, at the first global China Strategy Forum on population aging in Nanshan, Sanya, Hainan, nearly 100 experts and scholars in the fields of health medicine, gerontology, demography and sociology have been discussed in China and abroad to discuss China's plan to cope with the aging of population.
data from the office of the National Committee on aging work show that by the end of 2017, the population of 60 years old and above has reached 241 million, accounting for 17.3% of the total population. It is estimated that by the year 2050, the number of elderly population will reach a peak of 487 million, accounting for 34.9% of the total population. This means that in 30 years, there will be 1 elderly people in every 3 people.
generally speaking, the elderly population aged 60 or above accounts for 10% of the total population in the world. That means entering the aging society. China entered the aging society in 1999, and by 2017, the elderly population increased by 110 million. In 2017, the number of elderly people increased by more than 10 million for the first time.
Zheng Bingwen, director of the world social security research center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that under the trend of aging, new features are emerging. One is that elderly patients with chronic diseases account for an increase in the elderly. Cardiovascular disease and cancer account for 33% of the causes of death in the elderly. Stroke, chronic obstructive pneumonia, and lung cancer are the three major causes of premature death. Diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders, and depression have become the three major causes of disability. All these are close to the indicators in the developed countries, and the future will continue to rise.
life expectancy increased, but the function of the elderly decreased. Beijing 301 Hospital Dean Fan Li said that the biggest problem of the current aging is a high incidence of common disease. In the case of 80 years old, most of the hospitalized patients suffer from 3 to 5 diseases, many diseases are in one, one needs to take a variety of drugs, which brings a huge burden to the society and the family.
Second, with the change of social structure and population flow, the elderly empty nest rate has increased significantly. In China's rural areas, young and middle-aged labor force flows out, and a large number of elderly stay behind.
China's population aging is coming and developing rapidly, facing more challenges compared with developed countries. Wang Chen, vice president of the Chinese Academy of engineering and the president of the Beijing Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, said that the problem of aging is not only related to health and health management, but also involves economic and social aspects and needs to be solved jointly by the whole society.
diversified endowment is in the ascendant
many experts say that like any other country in the world, our country will mainly rely on home care. However, the small scale of family size and the increasing number of 4-2-1 families in China, the traditional mode of home care for the elderly has changed greatly, and more needs to be used in community service and professional old-age service institutions. Among them, long-term care, spiritual comfort, hospice care and other elderly care services contain enormous social needs.
Yin Zhigang, the former director of the Shanghai aging research center, said that Shanghai is the first area in China to enter the aging society, and it is also the region with the highest proportion of the population aging in China. Shanghai took the lead in putting forward 9073 (90% elderly people living in the home for the elderly, 7% elderly community pension, 3% elderly pension institutions) to provide an important reference for the establishment of a new social old-age service system.
since 13th Five-Year, Shanghai has transformed from the 9073 old age service pattern to the construction of a five in one social pension service system. The main purpose is to match the basic public services of the elderly, the pension service subsidy is more precise, the main body of the pension service is more equitable, and the pension service market is more standardized. Promote home, community and institutional pension services to rely on each other and integrate development.
integration of home, community and institutional development, some areas in China are actively trying to provide for the elderly. For example, through the innovative Internet service mode, Zhejiang has implemented the home care service upgrading project. Through the big data, provide mobile health service vehicle, emergency rescue, homemaking service assignment, meal distribution and other services for the elderly. According to the situation of living and demand of the elderly, some communities actively build various functional care centers, such as comprehensive service, nursing and rehabilitation, and embedded care, so as to meet the desire of the majority of the elderly to live in the home.