Is it difficult for the "421 families" to give up the Chinese youth?
the old age difficult "421 families" let the Chinese youth bow to the waist?
2010, 09 / 03, at 11:12 on the day of
in the first generation of the only child, the "421 family" gradually became a social hot spot, and became a social pain point. The so-called "421 family", as the name implies, refers to four elderly people, two couples and one child. More and more post - 80s couple are "421". They have become a small "sandwich group". They have to face the problem of maintenance, and face a series of problems, which are intertwined, mutual influence, and even the chemical reactions that make him laugh and laugh.
"421 family" problem --
question 1:
how difficult is it to be "80%" after "self preservation"?
80 has been regarded as a generation of happiness. The only child is loved by their parents. The university has expanded enrollment, and many ordinary people have also received undergraduate degrees. However, after the 1980s, it is slowly discovered that the arrival of the age of only children has made them bear all the hopes of the family, become the most stressed group, and even become a group of disputed people, and the society has different opinions on them. At that time, when parents set foot on their jobs, wives and children, they had to face the serious problem of employment, the problem of buying a house and even the remaining male and female leftover problems. It is difficult to form a small family, and it is more difficult to maintain the normal functioning of a small family. Many of the 80's lamented that they had become slaves of the slave slaves. Most of the 80s have to go to the next year to start buying a house or getting married. However, if you want to be in the best age of 34, it is bound to be a slave. In a number of well-known websites in China, many young parents are "sunning" their own cost of raising children from hundreds of yuan to thousands of yuan each month. In addition to the necessary expenses for food and accommodation, there are more and more extra expenses for baby portraits, baby sitters, kindergarten tuition, early education and tutorial classes. Young parents sigh that raising children has become a "sweet burden".
problem two:
90% after 80, called themselves "unable to support parents"
for a long time, the most important old-age old-age mode in Chinese society is family style old-age care, "raising children and preventing old age and preventing hunger" is the most famous saying that has been followed for many years. With the development of the society and the change of the family structure, the contradiction between the only child's inability to take care of the old is becoming more and more prominent. According to media reports, in 1979, 6 million 70 thousand families in China received the only child card. Now, 30 years later, China is fully ushered in the era of "421 families". The pressure of providing for the aged and living is really a problem for young Chinese in the contemporary era.
when the parents of the "421 families" are high in their parents' years, the pension problem is imminent, if both parents are healthy and healthy, although they can strive to save money for a period of time to raise their children's career, they can not worry about it in spirit. A big problem. For the series of questions, the post-80s said it was really hard.
a survey by Zhongqing Bao found that 90% of 80 said they could not support their parents. Among them, more than half of the post-80s parents also need help. 74.1% of the people said that the pressure of life and work was great and the parents were unable to take care of them. 50.1% of the people said they lived in two places and could not take care of their parents. 42% of the people said that social security and medical insurance in different cities could not be interconnected.
problem three:
unrealistic living with parents leads to "empty nest"
China is rapidly entering an aging society. At present, there are about 169 million of the elderly over 60 years old in China. It is estimated that in 2050 China will account for 30% of the elderly over 60 years old, reaching 31%. According to the forecast proportion, according to the current population of China, by 2050, there will be more than 400 million people over the age of 60 and older in China. The absolute number of people at the time will be more, and the large number of 421 families will increase the pressure of the elderly.
the average proportion of empty nesters in major cities has reached over 30%, and some large and medium-sized cities have even exceeded 50%. This poses a severe challenge to the traditional way of providing for the aged in China. Experts suggest that this family model will become more evident in the "50 generation" generation that will soon enter the age of 60.
many 421 families have "empty nest" among the elderly, two young couples live alone or in other cities. On the one hand, a lot of after 80 couple prefer "single", worrying about the inconvenient and unfree living with their parents, on the other hand, the cost of living in large cities is higher, there is no enough space and money to live with the elderly, and more importantly, the four old people, who do not answer the problem, join in with the economy. Four old people, one couple and one child, have many problems.
problem four:
children's education problem is the most likely to disagree with
in the "421 family", the three generation is inverted Pyramid form, and the love of the family is almost all on the third generation. This love is sometimes heavy. The two old people regard their children as the Pearl of the palm of the world. The demands of the children are more appropriate. The time has long been long. Some of their grandparents and granny have even learned to threaten their mother and mother. In some families, there are two elderly people struggling to raise children, leaving two couples in a dilemma.
because of the great differences in the views and ideas of the two generations, their lifestyles are also very different. In the "421 families", the problem of children's education is most likely to be divided, thus affecting the education of their children and even affecting family harmony. Bao Leiping, a researcher at the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, believes that parent-child axis still occupies a central position in the single parent family. "Unlike the traditional family paternalism," the father is the sub class ", a typical '421 family' is not the oldest parent, but the youngest only child of the second generation." It is important to note that in the "421 family", parents and grandparents are overindulgent and spoiled to their children and have created some children's personality defects, forming a bad tendency of "self - respect" and "self - centered".
problem five:
there is a special lack of comprehensive services for the aged
experts point out that in the old age, the resource is to take care of the resources, the other is the daily care, like housekeeping services to help the elderly clean up; the second is the short time of the elderly life disease. When you are in bed, you need someone to take care of the whole day; third is the mental and emotional needs of the elderly, such as taking the old people out and getting in touch with the society.
in the current society, there is a special lack of comprehensive services, which is similar to the children's respect for their parents. The domestic service is all single now, just cooking, washing clothes, cleaning glass, others not doing. Nowadays, home care services and community care should be developed in the direction of comprehensive services.
now the elderly are not willing to go to the nursing home, there are two main reasons, one is the service provided by the nursing home, the price put forward, the old people are not satisfied; two, from the Chinese culture, the seniors in the old-age house have the feeling of being abandoned. Therefore, some elderly people who have children at home have to go back to the nursing home for a period of time and still want to live in their own living environment.
case
case 1: not a good mother, but not a good daughter
25 year old Zhang Xin gave birth to a baby last year, but when the baby was just 6 months later, Zhang Xin went back to his own company to leave his children at home and let their parents take care of them. The young Beijing white-collar seemed a bit of a helplessness. She acknowledged that she and her husband were still children, and were not prepared for their parents. She said, "I may not be a good mother, not a good daughter."
"everything for the children." The "421" "1" is still the center of gravity of the family. The traditional way to nurture the offspring does not destroy the rule because of the rebellious mentality of the young people after the 1980s. Once they have become family, industry and child, they also experience the hard and bitter intentions of the older generation. Children are the future, but in the eyes of their parents, they are still children. 421 of the family's "4" share the pressure of the family to a certain extent. But the old man is dependent on it, and it is also the biggest unstable factor in this family structure. This is going back to the question mentioned at the beginning of this article. Who will give the elderly the pension in 10 years? To a nursing home? There is no psychological and cultural level. Get home? 4 old men and one child. Where can we take care of it?
case two:
"non only children"
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Xiao Liu, who is still reading graduate students this year, told reporters that the only standard of his spouse is that he is not a single child. He said that the economic situation in the family is not very good, and his own way of reading, if to find a single woman to be a partner, it is necessary to face the heavy pressure of raising 4 old people, and now the social pressure is so big, only two people do all this is not easy. In addition to economic pressure, Xiao Liu also revealed that if 4 old people live together, the relationship between them will be more difficult to reconcile, and fear that "disputes will continue".
"421 families" solution - -
plan 1: design and parents live in the apartment unit
there are 80 after 80 think that the housing price of the big city is so high, how to live after the parents come to live is a problem. In the survey, 76% of the people expect social security and other social security to achieve interoperability in different cities. 51% of the people want developers to design more housing units suitable for elderly children, and 40.6% think hospitals should increase the number of professional workers.
"buy one house each, and you can't afford it." It's not very realistic to get parents from both sides. Many people feel that parents take care of the best. I hope real estate developers can design a family apartment with their parents, while living together can also ensure their privacy. The survey found that only 6.9% of the respondents were willing to send their parents to institutions such as nursing homes.
program two:
in addition to economic support, but also spiritual support for
pension, not only economic support, but also spiritual support. With the increasing economic income and the continuous improvement of social old-age security system, some elderly people are no longer dependent on their children in the economy, and the emotional demand is becoming more and more prominent. Some young people have taken over their parents and lived close to their children after their careers. But they feel that they are far away from them. Because children have their way of life and value orientation. Many parents who come from abroad to their children have to take part in their children's life style for a long time.
ten years ago, a song from CCTV Spring Festival Gala "often go home and see" was red all over the north and south of the river. It was because it sang the common sound of millions of Chinese parents and children in the background of rapid economic development and rapid social change. In China, a family with strong affection, the emotional consolation from children is the most valued thing for the elderly. Therefore, the experts interviewed pointed out that the spiritual support provided by family members is one of the important concepts that need to be renewed in the new culture of providing for the aged.
system construction
program 1: can learn from the United States "three legs of the bench"
today no matter whether people wish or not, the traditional big family style of life and old-age mode has been out, in a considerable number of children have no time and no effort to support the elderly well In fact, people turn their attention to the relevant national policies and regulations.
American scholars often call the old age security system of the United States "the bench with three legs". The so-called "three legs", of which "social endowment insurance" is the first leg, it is the "spiritual pillar" or "last line of defense" of the American pension, the "enterprise annuity" is second legs, it is the "material basis" or "the main body" of the American pension, and the traditional "personal retirement reserve" as the main body of the family. Storage and insurance investment is the third leg. It is an indispensable supplement for Americans to provide for their elderly. Compared with the United States, the existing urban old-age security system in China is basically supported by social insurance and social assistance under the responsibility of the government, while the carrying capacity of the employers and families is still very thin.
program two:
home pension community pension institutions pension />
for the plight of "only son for the aged", the experts pointed out that the establishment of the pension service based on home care, the support of community pension and the supplementary pension service system, is a solution to this problem. Direction.
Xu Lin, director of the social security department of the school of public administration of Northwestern University, believes that the needs of old people are many aspects, including economic support, life care, spiritual comfort, medical security and so on. The highest proportion of demand is life care, which requires the establishment and improvement of a social security system suitable for China's national conditions. On the one hand, we should improve the social service for the elderly, develop various forms of nursing homes, welfare homes, old apartments, and the elderly, and give full play to the functions of the social old-age service institutions. On the other hand, we should vigorously develop home care and community service for the elderly, so that the elderly can live in a familiar living environment and give full play to the advantages of the mutual help of the elderly in the community. This is the best choice for the elderly, the family and the society.