Pension institutions are plunged into high demand and low occupancy circles
source: People's daily
China has entered an aging society. It is predicted that in 2014, the elderly population in China will reach 200 million, and there will be 1 elderly people in every 7 people. In Beijing, Shanghai and other cities, there are 1 elderly people in every 5 people.
"Lao, I am young, and I will grow old". It is the responsibility of the government to let the old man have an old-age security. However, in the current national conditions, how to meet the needs of the medical, living and psychological aspects of this huge group and improve the relevant policies and measures is an urgent and important social problem we are facing.
one side is the pension agency's occupancy rate is not high, one side is that many elderly people can not find local pension
home to live in Xicheng District, Beijing, 87 years old, recently wanted to find a nursing home. Her request is not high: the location of the hospital is not far away from home, so that it is easy to go home to pick up things.
"these conditions are not not high, but very high." After several days of the old people's children, they found that the "home gate" is generally small, poor, and a bed is difficult to seek, and the living environment is located in the suburbs or the outskirts of the suburbs.
"on the one hand, many elderly people can not find places to provide for the elderly. On the one hand, the occupancy rate of pension institutions is not ideal." Wei Xiaobiao, an investigator of the Welfare Department of the Beijing Civil Affairs Bureau, introduced the aged beds in Beijing, Shanghai and other large cities, 40% in the urban area, 60% in the suburbs, and the urban district was in short supply, and the county was 40% vacant.
"from the hardware environment, the urban nursing homes are inferior to the suburbs." Wei Xiaobiao said that the public welfare homes in the city, the old homes and the private nursing homes are all, ranging from dozens to hundreds of beds, and the living conditions and the quality of life are mostly poor, and the public nursing homes are subsidized by the government, the price is not high, and the people are overcrowded. High end nursing homes are usually located in the countryside with beautiful scenery and good air, but the occupancy rate is low.
at the time, a trend of construction of high-end pension institutions has quietly sprung up, these nursing homes or mountains and rivers, or greenhouse gardens, the decoration design can be comparable to high star hotels, the occupancy rate is less than 60%, most of the maintenance, some not offset, by the government subsidies.
a survey report of the Zhejiang provincial Civil Affairs Department shows that the cost of each bed is 50 thousand and 9 million yuan, some places are even up to 170 thousand yuan, and the government subsidies to each bed will be twenty thousand or thirty thousand yuan per year. The elderly community in Beijing (huiten old apartment) is a Huimin project invested and built by the Beijing municipal government. It has a low density and garden style environment with more than 40% vacant rooms. Tianjin international aging village charges 15003000 yuan per month, and has opened for more than 2 years, occupying only 6 elderly people. Tianjin TEDA International Nursing Home charges 2300 yuan a month. After a few years of opening, the occupancy rate increased from 20% to 50%.
the elderly pay more attention to emotional support and disease care, while pension institutions do not really grasp the needs of the elderly
"in fact, the bed gap in our pension institutions is very large." EMI, special researcher of the Institute of aging, Chinese Academy of social sciences. According to statistics from the Ministry of civil affairs, there are 169 million elderly people over 60 years old and 2 million 500 thousand old age beds, accounting for only 1.5% of the elderly population. That is to say, only 15 of the 1000 elderly people in China have pension beds, while 70 in developed countries.
"nowadays, the construction of pension institutions has not really grasped the needs of the elderly." According to EMI, there are four reasons for the vacancy of beds in nursing homes:
first, the layout is out of touch with demand. The basic demand of the old people in China is not to yearn for the star service of the hotel, but to enjoy the joy of the children and grandchildren around the knee and the old friends and the old neighbors, and the majority of the old people are in the health problem. "Home nursing home" is convenient for children to visit relatives and friends. When the problem of aging was not prominent, the urban nursing homes were built less and the conditions were relatively simple. Now restricted by the land, the newly built old-age homes are mostly in a pleasant suburb, but the old people in the city do not want to go to a "hermit" in a distant environment. 60% of the elderly in Beijing live in the urban area, but 60% of the old-age beds are distributed in the suburbs, which leads to a large number of idle beds in the suburbs.
two is too narrow a target crowd positioning, too much pursuit of hardware luxury. The investment side of many high-end nursing homes is not familiar with the old-age profession. The target population is located in the elderly group with high income, relatively healthy, old-age concept avant-garde and children's enlightened children. In fact, there are not many people in this group. We all want to divide this cake, and it is inevitable that beds will fall. At present, the demand for the elderly is still at a lower level. For older people over the age of 70, physical health and spiritual enrichment are the most important. Luxurious hardware facilities are only set and waste investment.
three is the standard of charge and the quality of service is not satisfactory. At the moment, the size of the pension institutions is small, it is difficult to form a scale benefit, the price is generally high, the healthy old people charge 1500 yuan a month, the old man who can not take care of himself is charged 20003000 yuan a month, exceeding the retirement income of 10001500 yuan of the old people in most cities. Service is the "soft rib" of all the nursing homes. Because of low income, high pressure, dirty work and low social status, people with mild conditions, especially young people, are reluctant to engage in nursing care for the elderly. The quality of people who can afford this kind of work is low, most of them are not trained professionally.
four is the old man feels not free. The collective life in the nursing home has reduced the independence of the elderly, such as relatively regular rest and rest time, room layout is a pattern, and the elderly lack privacy.
"high-end nursing homes really do very little." According to EMI, the apartment for the elderly in China is mainly hardware, the corridor handrails are all stainless steel, and the old people do their work, holding the skid, and feel cold in winter. In gym, the expensive professional fitness equipment used by athletes is unable to endure. Similar things, not only waste resources and not practical. And foreign nursing homes more emphasis on software, for example, the corridor armrest are plastic, the shape of flat, with grooves, the elderly hold strong, tables and chairs are plastic, many old rooms have their own flowers, hanging on the wall with family photo, simple, tidy, warm. In contrast, domestic nursing homes should practice "internal strength".
the primary responsibility of the government is "the bottom of the pocket", the subsidy for the pension should be given priority to the middle and low income population
the Aging Office of the city has done a large-scale sampling survey. Among them, when choosing the way to provide for the aged, the answer of the elderly is that the first do not give the burden to their children, and second reduce the burden to their children, 6% The old man said he could live in a nursing home when he could not take care of himself.
"according to more than 20 years of work experience, I think that the elderly who really can make up their minds and live in nursing homes may only have 1%." EMI said, many people think that social endowment is going to nursing homes. When they get there, the elderly can throw away their household chores and eat together and play together. It looks like a paradise. As a matter of fact, no one is willing to live in a vacation village pension institution without feeling of home.
"some scholars from developed countries come to China to communicate, and constantly remind us of the old-age policy to take full account of the characteristics and national conditions of the elderly in China, and not take the curve of returning home and returning to the community at the beginning of the western countries." It emphasizes that the improvement of community service, the construction of old service facilities such as the old care center and the daytime care center, and the full care for the elderly without leaving home, is the main direction and outlet for the socialization of the aged in China. At present, Beijing stipulates that a new residential district with a population of more than 10 thousand people is required to build a nursing home.
"the government should establish strict standards for the elderly who need long-term medical assistance and want to enter a nursing home. Only the elderly in the economically difficult family will be able to stay in the public pension institutions." EMI pointed out that the primary responsibility of the government is to "lay bare". Subsidies for pension should be given priority to the middle and low income groups, and subsidies should be graded. But now the situation is that some rich and related people are more likely to live in public nursing homes, resulting in unfair social distribution of the two.
EMI advocated that public nursing homes should put money on the knife edge and not accept healthy elderly people, only to receive economically disabled elderly people. Public welfare pension institutions should focus on public financial input, supplemented by social support and private capital investment, and carry out low price paid services; profit - making pension institutions take the way of marketing, the government has introduced a series of preferential policies to mobilize social forces to invest in old-age institutions and provide services for the high end group.
Yan youth, deputy director of the national Aging office, said that although pension is a social welfare undertaking, it can not be completely arranged by the government. For private pension institutions, the government should give more encouragement and support to create an environment of equal competition.