origin: Phoenix Shandong Author: Sun Kai
vision is good, but the poverty situation is still grim, and poverty alleviation is still urgent. Taking Shandong as an example, there are still about 3 million of the rural poor in the province, which have a large amount, scattered distribution and arduous task of poverty alleviation. In the work, there are still some weak links, such as the poor way of poverty alleviation, the imperfect system and mechanism, the ineffective work, the insufficient work, and the need to strengthen the classification guidance.
poverty alleviation is the sensitive topic followed by money. Indeed, the funding gap has become a big mountain which lies in front of the government and society. It always restricts the standard of living of the people and the overall development of society. In fact, we should rationally treat the problem of "helping the poor" in terms of
financial poverty alleviation and poverty reduction work
. From a philosophical point of view, all things in the world are not independent individuals, and are bound to have an accidental or inevitable connection with his objects, and so is the work of poverty alleviation. Because it is not only a category of government governance, but also related to other social factors such as market.
the road to poverty alleviation in the past, mostly Central - Local - top-down, in the form of flood and flooding in the form of water, short of thirst in the short term, very short of thirst, and obvious malpractice - not reaching the standard; it not only causes a large amount of Limited funds, but also fails to fundamentally treat "poverty" A stubborn disease.
, therefore, the central government adjusted the "old road" of poverty alleviation from the national level, and opened up a new way. In the decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on winning the fight against poverty, it is clearly mentioned that "the ideas and methods of developing the poverty alleviation and development must be constantly innovating on the basis of the existing basis", and that it is emphasized to "increase the strength of financial poverty alleviation".
2015 December 24th, the victory of the central rural work conference, for this "new path" to make an interpretation: to increase the integration of agricultural funds, play the role of financial investment in structural reform, to pry more social funds into agricultural and rural areas.
the new type of agricultural management needs financial support in the process of development. For financial institutions, the rural area is also a strategic place for "the war of war". However, in terms of the actual situation, the situation seems not to be optimistic: "three rural" because of the lack of effective mortgages and unable to smooth loans, financial institutions are often rich but dare not to lend.
the reason, the rural property rights lack of financing function, take the natural "embarrassing" attribute, and as a bank, its commercial nature also determines the profit is one of its goals. The reform measures in rural areas must be explored in a step by step. In some cases, it is much better to go slowly and more slowly than to go wrong. If the bank leads the "bad debt" in blind lending, it is also not conducive to social stability. As MS. Wu Xiaoling, vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, said when she participated in the 2015 Boao Forum on Asia, the property of commercial finance itself determines that it is impossible to lay the branches to the bottom of the bottom, and the weakness and high risk in rural areas also determine that it is impossible to support without policy support. . Therefore, in the rural financial system of China, the positioning of commercial finance, cooperative finance and policy finance should be more clear, forming a joint force, which is beneficial to the formation of a financial system for agricultural development.
and Shao Guojun, deputy director of the Poverty Alleviation Office of Shandong Province, also confessed that as a bank, the commercial nature was relatively strong. Because of its own interests, capital flows to large households and rich households, so the so-called "love of the rich" appeared. As a result, the poorer the poor, the more money they need, the less money they can get, and the poorer people are struggling.
therefore, policy level protection is urgent and urgent for both sides.
policy was introduced, and the silver load combined to wake up "sleepy wealth", which was held in the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee in November 9th,
the introduction of the guidance of the State Council on carrying out the management rights of rural contracted land and the mortgage loan for farmers' housing property rights (hereinafter referred to as the Guiding Opinions), can also be said to be a "heart shot" for banks, agricultural Guarantee Corporation and other financial institutions.
in order to effectively reactivate the rural resources, funds and assets, increase the investment in the medium and long term and scale of agricultural production, promote the increase of farmers' income and prosperity and accelerate the development of agricultural modernization. In the guidance of the guidance, the financial institutions allow the financial institutions to ensure the farmers' right to contract and the basic housing rights, according to the law. Disposal of mortgages in various ways and improvement of mortgage disposal measures. In this regard, "the father of China's microfinance" Du Xiaoshan also said that after the introduction of the policy, financial institutions can be relieved, because of the supporting system, once the problems can also be circulated, from the perspective of demand, both sides can be satisfied.
at the same time, the state calls for greater support and coordination to enhance the pilot effect. The people's Bank of China should support the financial institutions actively and steadily participate in the pilot projects, and support eligible rural financial institutions to increase their support for agriculture.
the Shandong banking regulatory bureau also strengthened supervision and statistics in accordance with relevant national requirements. The Ji'nan branch of the people's Bank of China is responsible for the establishment of a special statistical system for the "two rights" mortgage loan, and the counties (cities and districts) of the "two rights" mortgages are organized to report the relevant data on a monthly basis and strengthen the research and analysis.
from the central to the local, from the policy supporting to the implementation of the ground, multi - pronged, to eliminate the financial field of "dare not easily loan" doubts, but also "wake up the rural sleep for years of capital", the effect is significant.
in accordance with this idea, the agricultural financing Company limited by guarantee of Shandong province and the Shandong Provincial Rural Credit Cooperatives Union jointly developed two items of "credit insurance poverty alleviation loan" and "credit guaranteed rural property loan" for the related matters related to the poverty alleviation loans and the "two rights" mortgage loans. At the same time, the financial reform has strengthened the financial support to the "three rural", and actively participated in the "two rights" pilot work in Shandong Province, in order to promote the development of farmers' poverty alleviation and agricultural modernization.
new policy, Shao Guojun is also pleased: "through the way of risk compensation, banks can be more assured to lend to the poor; at the same time, there are policy guarantees, the attention of leaders, good trends and requirements, so that more poor households can get funds for the development of the characteristic industry." The cooperative economic organizations should develop some new business entities, and they can use some leading agricultural enterprises to drive them to get rid of poverty and become rich.
political silver load "iron triangle" relationship establishes code of financial support for financial support to establish an agricultural credit guarantee system in July 22nd,
2015, which is jointly studied by the Ministry of finance, the Ministry of agriculture and the China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC), and points out "the establishment of a financial support system for agricultural credit guarantee." It is not only an important means to guide the investment of financial capital into agriculture, to solve the problem of agricultural 'financing difficulty' and 'financing', but also an important measure to improve the financial support for agriculture, enlarge the effect of financial support for agriculture, and improve the efficiency of the use of financial support for agriculture under the new normal condition.
Zhang Taolin, Vice Minister of agriculture, said that through the special agricultural credit guarantee institutions established by financial capital injection, the cooperation of "silver load" and "political silver load" could effectively build a stable system of "iron three angles" supported by banks, guarantee institutions and new agricultural operators. Integration of government and finance supports agriculture, and it can leverage financial capital to leverage financial capital to support the construction of modern agriculture. The effect of fiscal "42 points" is obvious.
Shandong Province, according to the relevant requirements of the guidance, the Provincial Department of Finance and the provincial agricultural department and other departments have formulated the implementation plan, using the central finance to support the appropriate scale of the grain management subsidy funds to the capital injection of the provincial agricultural credit guarantee institutions; under the precondition of financial capital, the banking machine is allowed. The strategic partners should participate in the stock market properly, but also clearly stipulate that the non financial funds should not exceed 20% of the capital shares of the agricultural credit guarantee institutions; the goal is to gradually establish a policy, professional and independent agricultural guarantee system in the province.
so, the government through its own credibility and capital injection, the introduction of third party organizations, providing credit increasing service, solving the problem of information asymmetry, ensuring the smooth credit of both sides; together for the rural and financial "medium", the effect is "immediate sight".
only take Yinan County as an example, we can "be a glimpse in the middle of the world". According to the characteristics of its own poverty alleviation work, Yinan has established the risk compensation fund, entrusted the agricultural financing Company limited by guarantee of Shandong province to carry out the guarantee management, provide the loan guarantee, the bank implement the benchmark interest rate, the government, Guarantee Corporation, silver. The three party shall undertake compensatory losses according to the agreement. To a certain extent, this approach has magnified the effect of fiscal poverty alleviation policy, and more intuitively explains what "innovative financial poverty alleviation mechanism" is.
the relevant person in charge of the Yinan county poverty Alleviation Office, said: "the provincial agricultural financing Company limited by guarantee is a government funded and operated enterprise, operating standard, the risk of breach of contract is extremely low; they have a set of standardized management system and professional team, can be fully trusted. Through the preliminary investigation and contacts, we have the strength and ability to complete the micro credit guarantee task. Since the cooperation, the two sides have signed the "cooperation agreement" and "supplementary agreement", and have clarified their respective rights and responsibilities. At present, the company has secured the 16 enterprises recommended by our county, and is carrying out the inspection and review procedures for 21 enterprises and some cooperatives. Next, we will also make a package guarantee for all the farmers.
Shao Guojun also affirmed and approved this mode of cooperation, he said: "last year in Yinan, we combined the government, silver, and the three parties, that is, the government's risk compensation, the banking financial system, the Guarantee Corporation hand in hand. Although Guarantee Corporation has guaranteed costs, once the large amount of bad debt has occurred, Guarantee Corporation will make compensation and the bank will have confidence. It is equal to risk compensation and Guarantee Corporation provides double insurance for banks.
after having tasted the "sweetness" of financial aid for the poor, the "Yinan mode" was immediately adopted. Subsequent practice cases also prove that this successful mode and experience can be learned and copied.
Li Chunye, chairman of the agricultural financing Company limited by guarantee of Shandong Province, said that the agricultural Guarantee corporation plays a "lever", "pulley" and "bridge.Quot" in promoting financial poverty alleviation and rural Inclusive Finance, and the role has an irreplaceable role at the present stage. The first is the leverage effect, which can effectively exert the magnifying effect of the financial support for the agricultural support of the poor and pry more social capital to the undertakings of poverty alleviation. Secondly, the role of the pulley can effectively release the risk pressure of the financial institutions, promote the financial institutions to actively participate in the work of poverty alleviation and development, realize the preferential interest rate and reduce the financing of the main body of the loan. The cost of capital, and the role of the bridge, can effectively help the main body of agricultural loans to improve the credit level, dredge the two-way financing and information channels, and increase the welfare of the poor areas to share the national inclusive financial policy.
"iron triangle" risk control: no money to tighten the flowers, money does not waste
from the central to the local, the way of financial poverty alleviation is to ensure that the rural population to achieve poverty alleviation, to build a well-off society in an all-round way. Before the policy came out, we had no money, so we spent a lot of money. When the supporting measures were put into operation, we had money and should not be ruined.
Finance is associated with risk. Often the biggest attraction is "good intentions to do bad things", let alone large scale capital investment. Therefore, in the guidance of financial support for the establishment of agricultural credit guarantee system, a clear reference is also given to the risk prevention and control of funds:
establishment of a risk subsidy mechanism for the operation of agricultural credit guarantee. The provincial finance should make clear the subsidy and subsidy standards for the operating risks of the agricultural credit guarantee institutions, including the guarantee fee subsidy and compensation subsidy, and encourage the agricultural credit guarantee institutions to make large agricultural credit guarantee business, stabilize the operation expectation and reduce the cost of agricultural lender's funds. The guarantee fee subsidy mainly compensates for the business cost of agricultural credit guarantee, and the compensatory subsidy mainly compensates for the compensatory risk of agricultural credit guarantee. It is necessary to clarify the market main body responsibility of agricultural credit guarantee institutions, and impose upper limit on guarantee subsidy and compensatory subsidy.
, at the same time, we should establish a risk relief system for agricultural credit guarantee system. The central finance and provincial finance make use of the appropriate scale management funds of grain to support the establishment of the risk reserve system such as the risk reserve of the agricultural credit guarantee system. In response to the systemic risk of agricultural industry, the policy oriented agricultural credit guarantee institutions have the capital liquidity crisis, and the aid mechanism of the agricultural credit guarantee institutions will be set up to help the timely transformation. Solve the risk.
Sun Jiyong, the chief risk officer of the Shandong agricultural financing Company limited by guarantee, also confessed that the company was focused on serving agriculture and persisting in the lack of mixed operation, which was the most basic risk management measure. Strict access to the loan principal qualification, guarantee projects recommended by the city and county agriculture, poverty alleviation departments, audit checks. The company, referring to the National Statistical Bureau's agricultural subdivision standard, determines whether the extended enterprise belongs to the scope of the business support of the agricultural guarantee institution, and does a good job in the classification management of the main body of the loan. None of the Non-agricultural enterprises outside the classification standard of the guarantee business is within the scope of the company's support services.
it is true that financial poverty alleviation is only one of the many sources of poverty alleviation funds, and it may be too "a cup of water" for up to 70 million of the poor in our country. "On the decision to win the fight against poverty," and the way to establish a long-term mechanism for agricultural poverty alleviation: by 2020, through industrial support, transfer of employment, relocation, education support, medical assistance and other measures to solve the problem of poverty alleviation of 50 million poor people, the remaining 20 million completely or partially lose the labor capacity. The impoverished population will be included in the coverage of the rural minimum living standard system.
but "headache medical foot pain medical foot" is not the ultimate goal we want to pursue, poverty relief is not just "to give money" so simple and straightforward; the road to well-off, in the end is a step by step.
now, the policy orientation of the national level is becoming clearer and clearer. The great power of the "iron triangle" combination of the local government, the Guarantee Corporation and the financial institutions is confident that in the near future it will gradually evolve into a booster for the smooth reality of the "well-off society".