Figure 1: the earthenware cover
figure two: second excavations at the site of the Peng Jia Zhuang site.
figure three: on the
21 day of the tomb of the Yueyang culture at the site of the site of the Shandong Province, the reporter at the Institute of cultural relics and Archaeology of Shandong province learned that the site of Peng Jia Zhuang, located in the town of Huaiyin District, Ji'nan, was also collected in the archaeological excavation carried out last year. Quite a lot, especially it belongs to the historical site of Yueshi culture, not only has become an important material to study the situation of the handicraft industry at that time, but also fills the blanks of the excavation of the tomb of Yueshi culture in the inland areas of Shandong. In order to match the construction project of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, the Shandong Institute of cultural relics and Archaeology carried out two archaeological excavations in Shandong province from July 2008 to August, October to November, according to the construction project of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway. The Regional Department of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway in Shandong province is rich in ancient cultural areas in Shandong. There are numerous cultural relics on the ground and underground, and there are many important discoveries, and the site of Peng Jia Zhuang is located in this area. Since today, the newspaper will continue to report exclusively on the archaeological excavation of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway passing through our province.
the deputy researcher Sun Bo, the provincial Archaeological Institute, who hosted the excavation, said that the area of the site of Peng Jia Zhuang is about 520 thousand square meters. It is located in the southeast area of Peng Jia Zhuang, Ji'nan Huaiyin District, which is the handover zone of the three villages of Peng Jia Zhuang, Xiao Ma Yin and Ma Zhuang. It is about 1.5 kilometers from the Beijing Fuzhou Expressway and Beijing Shanghai expressway. The railway is through here. Sun Bo introduced that, through two excavations, a total of 29 agents have been opened, to clean up 1 tombs, 5 pottery kilns and 2 Gray trenches, and a certain number of well preserved pit holes near the 99 ash pits; 3 Longshan cultural gray pits; 1 pits in Shang Zhou and 2 in ash pits. There are also tombs, ash pits, pottery kilns and other relics from the Han Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
the most important discovery is the tombs of Yue Shi culture period
Sun Bo told reporters that the greatest harvest was the discovery of the tomb of Yueh stone culture in the inland area of Shandong for the first time. Usually, such sites are found in the eastern part of Henan, Jiangsu and other areas, and are rarely found in Shandong. They were found only once in coastal islands, but not many. This time, it was found in Peng Jia Zhuang, Ji'nan, the largest area and the most unearthed cultural relics in several years. The only Tomb of the Yue stone culture is M1, the tomb is more than one meter deep, the plane is rectangular, the East and the West are 240 cm long, and the width of the north and the south is about 85~94 centimeters. It belongs to the vertical hole Tomb of the rectangular pit. The earth fill in the tomb is light yellow brown, with a hard texture. There is two cubic meters of raw soil with a height of 40 centimeters. In this tomb, there is a skeleton of an adult, well preserved, straight limbs, head east, north, lower limb straight, left arm of the upper limb in the abdomen, the sex is not clear, to be identified. There were no burial utensils and no burial objects found in the tomb, but the traces of gray and white soil left behind were suspicious of coffin marks.
it is understood that the cemetery of Yueshi culture, in addition to the discovery of 10 tombs at the site of the big mouth of the tuebun Island, was doubted by some scholars, and other areas have not yet been found. Therefore, the discovery of Yueshi culture burial in the mainland of Shandong for the first time is of great archaeological value and is a very important archaeological finding.
the reproduction of the handicraft workshop of the handicraft workshop in yuekshi period
Peng Jia Zhuang site, 5 Yueshi pottery pottery kiln has been found, its form is basically the same, but all of them have been destroyed by different degrees. Damage the most serious, only to keep the bottom of the fire chamber; well preserved although no flue, kiln room, kiln grate and so on, but full of fire, fire, and fire section. According to Sun Bo, these ceramic kilns retain part of the fire chamber, which is a half cavity building constructed by digging raw soil artificially. Three of the pottery kiln also found the workroom, the other two workrooms may be broken, the shape, structure of the kiln, the location and quantity of the flue, and so on. From unearthed pottery and pottery, there are many pottery beans and pottery pots, as well as cans, jars and so on.
in the pottery kiln, the more special pottery kiln with numbered Y6, whose upper mouth is about 48 centimeters from the surface, is broken by a late tombs and a limestone pit numbered with H55. Reporters in the relevant picture information to see, it has preserved fire, fire chamber, fire path. The upper kiln chamber and grate have been destroyed. The fire chamber of the kiln is where the fuel is burned and placed when the pottery is made. The bottom plane is higher in the mouth and slightly lower inside. The wall faces the inner arc of the fire mouth, the length is 140 centimeters and the short diameter is 110 centimeters. The whole is similar to the apple shape. The shape of the section is long oval, the wall is curved upward, and the top of the wall is round top, and the green firing wall is 3~5 centimeters thick. Fire mouth is located in the northwest, fire door burning red, the whole is small and big trapezium; the east end of the fire is used to mend traces of grass mud, may collapse over; the bottom width of 92 cm under the fire, 46 centimeters high. The fire chamber is protruding inside the kiln wall facing the fire, and it is protruded to the fire chamber, which is the same as the function of the kiln column, and can play the role of supporting the kiln chamber. In the upper part of the fire, two channels to connect the fire chamber and the kiln room, as the passage of the flame, the direction of the two fire paths is consistent with the direction of the fire mouth, which is parallel to each other and distributes on the left and right sides of the fire mouth. Each fire path is 65 centimeters long, 20 centimeters wide and 38 centimeters deep. There are shallow trenches on both sides of the fire path, which may increase the area of the fire to the upper fire, and the wall of the fire path is burned to bluish gray.
Sun Bo explained that according to the artifacts and excavated utensils found in the kiln, this site is undoubtedly a kiln in the Yueshi culture period. In addition, because the fire chamber of these 5 pottery pottery pottery kiln is taken out of the raw soil, and there are different sizes of ash pits near the pottery kiln, especially in the north of the 3 adjacent kilns, the H55 big ash pit, so that the pottery and the remnants of the ash pit and the green grey burnt soil blocks are pushed and broken, even in the vicinity of the excavated area. Pottery tools, this area should also be the handicraft workshop ruins of Yueshi culture period.
Sun Bo concluded that the site of Peng Jia Zhuang is a better preserved and more pure Yueshi cultural site in Northwest Shandong Province. The discovery of Yueshi culture tombs undoubtedly provides important clues and archaeological data for the study of Yueshi culture burial. The larger pottery handicraft industrial workshop made us understand the pottery kiln structure of Yueshi culture and the layout of the pottery handicraft workshop. It also provided important material for the development of pottery kiln and the development of the workshop in Shandong.
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Yueshi culture is an important discovery of Chinese Archaeology in 1960s. According to international practice, the name of the Shandong Pingdu Dongyue stone (Village) was named for the site of the site where the site was first found. The Yueshi culture is an epoch-making archaeological discovery after the two most important archaeological "cultures" in Shandong province (Longshan Culture in Zhangqiu in 1930) and the "Dawen mouth culture" (found in the Dawen mouth of Ningyang in 1959).
the previous archaeological excavations and studies have made a fairly clear understanding of the social features of the great Wen mouth culture of the "hadai region" (including the Shandong and Xuhuai areas of the northern Jiangsu Province) - (Shandong) Longshan cultural system, that is, from 4500 B.C. to the 2000 B.C. There is still not much knowledge about Longshan culture. In the 70s of last century, the discovery and study of "North Xin culture" (Teng County, North Xin Village) opened a way for the exploration of the history before Dawen culture. The discovery and study of Yue Shi culture opened up a new way for understanding and understanding the cultural features of hendai area, especially the Jiaodong peninsula area, after the Longshan Culture in Shandong. The historical age of Yue Shi culture (from C - 14 to 2000 B.C. - 1600 B.C.) was basically the same as the ancient Chinese ancient books recorded in ancient Chinese classics. At the time, hadai area was only generally known as "Dongyi" in ancient books, so the discovery of Yue Shi culture not only "filled the Longshan of Shandong". "Gap between culture and business culture" and "opened a new chapter in the study of Eastern archaeological culture in the Xia Dynasty and the study of Yi Xia relations". (Zhao Xiaolin Chen Xin) (finished)