Author: Zhao Xiaolin source: many cultural relics unearthed in the Ji'nan daily
Daxinzhuang site. (Cui Jian photo reporter Cui Jian) / >
recently, the office of the ten National Archaeological Discoveries published the first evaluation results of "the ten new archaeological discoveries of the country in 2010". Finally, there were 56 archaeological projects in the first review, the ruins of the Daxinzhuang Shang Dynasty in Ji'nan, Shandong, the sunken site of the Yuan Dynasty in Heze, and the Ming Qing Dynasty in Liaocheng The 3 archaeological projects of the ruins of the river earth bridge gate are listed on the list.
why can the archaeological project of the Shang Dynasty archaeological site in Ji'nan's grand Xinzhuang be selected as the first evaluation of the ten new archaeological discoveries in 2010? This reporter interviewed the leader of the archaeological excavation, Professor Fang Hui, Professor of history and culture, Shandong University.
the size of the middle size tombs is
Fang Hui told reporters only in the eastern part of China in the same period. From mid March 2010 to December, the archaeological Department of the Institute of history and culture, Shandong University, and the Shandong Institute of cultural relics and archaeology, and the archaeological Institute of Ji'nan, have carried out two of the Daxinzhuang sites in the Ji'nan city district. An archaeological excavation. The first excavation ended in early July, covering an area of about 900 square meters, unearthed a number of Shang Dynasty relics and relics. So far, we have revealed 1 sites of rammed earth building in the Shang Dynasty, more than 200 ash pits, 1 wells, 1 pottery kilns, 40 tombs, and 2000 specimens. Among them, the most important thing is the Shang Dynasty bronze tomb and rammed earth building site, which is another important harvest after the discovery of Shang cemetery and Oracle Bone Inscriptions in 2003.
Fang Hui introduced that the tombs of Shang Dynasty could be divided into two categories: medium-sized tombs and small tombs. The mid size tombs of the Shang Dynasty could be represented by M139. The burial is a coffin and an outer coffin. The coffin was once stolen to the bottom by the early stage. There are more vermilion cinnabar, copper and gold foil in the filling of the coffin. There are 18 pieces of funeral products, of which 14 pieces of bronze, except for copper and gold foil, include 2 tripod, 2 pieces, 1 pieces, 1 pieces, 1 pieces, 1 pieces, 1 pieces, 1, 1, spears, and large stone chimes, jade articles, and painted pottery pieces. The utensils were placed on two floors of the reclaimed soil, and the most important big tripod was placed in the two corners of the northeast corner, and the rest were located on the two table southwest corner. The big round tripod is square lip, oblique fold, drum belly, round bottom, cone-shaped hollow feet. Erect two symmetrical arch erect ears along the edge of the mouth. The upper abdomen is decorated with animal stripes, and three vertebrate feet are decorated with Yang pattern. The diameter is about 39 centimeters to 40.4 centimeters, and the height is 54.9 centimeters. The top covers of a pair of capped tops are decorated with a number of decorative patterns, with a pair of nipple on the top and a pair of nipple on the top. The head of a flat band is shaped like a beast, with a drooping ear under it. File, three bags of foot decorated with a group of animal lines, through the height of more than 37 centimeters. There is a large circular perforation in the middle of the copper Tomahawk, which is thick and thick, with a thick body, 29.5 centimeters long and a shoulder width of 24.1 centimeters. Other bronzes are of large size and beautifully decorated, such as beams, bars, and so on. Judging from the characteristics of utensil assemblage, shape and ornamentation, the age should belong to the early Shang Dynasty, and the upper part of the two Li Gang is upper. Such a high specification of the two Li Kong intermediate tomb is only seen in the eastern part of China in the same period, and is rare in the whole country.
in addition, Fang Hui told reporters that the middle size tombs in the late Shang Dynasty were more common in Daxinzhuang. The combination of the funeral bronze rites was generally regarded as the Duke. The weapons combination included the tango, the spear and the Tomahawk. The pottery was composed of the two layers of cooked soil and the pits. It is more prominent.
in addition to the medium-sized tombs, the small tombs are small. The burial pottery has a single piece or basin, or the pottery of the pottery, the basin and the pot, and the south side of the head, and the phenomenon of the dog.
second excavations found the inscribed Ding and Duke
according to Fang Hui, the second excavations began in June and have been excavated for more than 6 months. The excavation area is about 1000 square meters, covering more than 50 ash pits in the Shang Dynasty, 13 ash trench, 2 kiln sites, 4 housing sites, and 90 burials in various periods. The distribution of the tombs in the Shang Dynasty was concentrated and arranged in an orderly manner. A number of fine bronze ware were unearthed in the tombs, and some bronze objects were inscribed with family emblem.
Fang Hui said that the second Shang Dynasty Tombs can be divided into two categories according to their duration. The first kind of burial age is about the later period of the Shang Dynasty. The combination of the bronze rite and the Duke is the main part. The weapon combination includes the tango, the spear, the knife and so on. The pottery is composed of the pottery, the bean, the bean, the bean, the pot and so on. The era is mostly the sixth, seventh phase of Daxinzhuang, the third, fourth period of Yin Ruins. The more important tombs of M225 are 23 pieces, including 16 pieces of bronze ware, including 2 tripod, 1 pieces, 1 pieces, 1 pieces, 3 pieces, 3 spears, 1 pieces, 2 chisels, 1 pieces of knife and 1 pieces of copper. Soya bean. There are two human bones at the bottom of the tombs. They are all poorly preserved. According to the human bone and coffin marks, the human bones in the East are located in the coffin, and the western side is located between the coffin. All the funerary objects were concentrated on the eastern side of the human bones, and no funeral objects were found around the Western bones. Two people were buried with straight limbs. In the funeral bronze ceremonial vessels, they were exquisitely carved and decorated, showing a very high level of technology at that time. The inner side of the mouth of the small tripod and a bronze inscription under it are inscribed with a character inscription, which should be a clan emblem. Another type of tombs is larger than the previous type of burial. Although most of the early burials are excavated in the early days and the burial articles are less preserved, it can be seen from the remnants of the buried articles that they should belong to the high size tombs at that time. The
Daxinzhuang site is the ruling center of the Shang Dynasty. It is concluded that the two archaeological excavations of the Daxinzhuang site were very fruitful this year,
two other entry projects also have important value
the other two other archaeological projects which have been first evaluated in the province for the archaeological excavation of the ruins of the sunk ship in the Yuan Dynasty and the ruins of the Liaocheng earth bridge gate in Heze.
according to the introduction, the shipwreck site of the Yuan Dynasty in Heze was discovered at the construction site of the China World Trade Center center in Heze in September 17, 2010. So far, more than 110 cultural relics have been excavated in and around the wreck. The typical objects include the green flowers and dragon grain vase in Yuan Dynasty, the shadow glaze cup of Jun kiln, and other five or six porcelain systems, such as Jingdezhen, Longquan kiln, Jun kiln, magnetic kiln and Ge kiln. After a national archaeological and cultural relic expert survey, it is believed that the shipwreck of the Heze development zone is basically intact, providing a solid specimen for the study of the form and process of the Yuan Dynasty, and the discovery of the sinking ship is of great significance to the study of the history of water transport in Heze, the transportation of the river and the topography and geomorphology of the Yellow River area during the Mongol Yuan period. The cultural relics are rich in type and exquisite in shape, which are of great archaeological value in studying the upper social and cultural life and social customs in the Yuan Dynasty.
the site of Liaocheng earth bridge gate is located in the village of Dongchangfu, Liaocheng. It is an important facility in Beijing, Hangzhou and the Grande Canale. It is worthy of concern that this is the first excavation of the shiplock of the Shandong section of the Grande Canale, Beijing and Hangzhou, and the Liaocheng earth Bridge Sluice is also the first ship lock to be completely uncovered on the Grande Canale. It is of great significance for the study of the Grande Canale's hydraulic facilities, the material and cultural customs along the canal, and the important role of the Grande Canale in the communication and communication of ancient China. It also provides a number of new important materials for the world heritage of the Grande Canale.
it is also understood that "the ten new archaeological discoveries in the country" is the most authoritative and most far-reaching archaeological evaluation activity in China. At present, there will be 25 entries in the final review of the 56 candidate excavations in the country. The first comment was taken by members of the group of archaeological experts from the State Administration of cultural relics, the director of the Chinese Archaeological Society and 65 units of archaeological excavations in the country, and the public voting on the Chinese cultural relic information network was carried out on the Internet.