reporter Dong Li
in April 1953, Ji'nan second machine tool factory made the first 729 Longmen planer in China. Two machine tool to undertake Ford DSP project panorama 1960, China's first heavy vehicle JN150 was born in Ji'nan automobile manufacturing plant.
talking about the famous enterprises in Ji'nan, we have to mention two machine tools and heavy duty trucks. Now the two machine tool is the key key enterprise of the national machine tool industry, and China heavy steam is out of China, and has become a large commercial vehicle group with international influence. Although they are all mature and strong, the hardship of childhood and youth are worth remembering. "
two" machine tool "small time": once the military ordnance repair Office of the Kuomintang and the warehouse
in October 1937, at the northern foot of Qinglong mountain in the southwest corner of Ji'nan, the chairman of the Kuomintang government and the deputy commander of the Kuomintang fifth war zone deputy commander and commander of the third group army, Han Fu, stationed one of the troops. Here, we have established the ordnance repair shop and five or six warehouses, which is the predecessor of the two machine tool in Ji'nan.
from the factory to the September 1948, the PLA receives the military management, which is the darkest period in the history of the two machine tool. In the early days of the liberation, a copy of the factory was recorded as this: "at that time, the management organization of the Institute was ruled by the feudal head and secret agents. The workers were subjected to cruel oppression and exploitation. It was not common to eat, eat and wear."
after the liberation of Ji'nan, the Jiaodong military region and the Bohai military region ordnance Bureau received them. Weapons and ordnance are the most needed in the Huaihai Campaign and the battle of the river, but there are only over 80 broken and backward equipment and more than 470 workers, and the total area of the factory is less than 30 thousand square meters.
equipment and factory buildings are rough, but the workers who just turned over have endless strength. By June 1949, a total of more than 150 shots, 15000 rounds of artillery and more than 8000 shelling fuzes were produced, more than 300 artillery doors were repaired and large numbers of rifles and machine guns were repaired, and 117 thousand antiskid chains of more than 70 meters per length were made for the battle of the river crossing. All efforts were made for the Huaihai Campaign, the crossing of the Yangtze River, and even the liberation of China.
in November 1950, the factory was renamed the "second Ji'nan machinery bureau" and the products were converted from civilian to civilian use. At that time, what was needed in the society to produce. From the railway stud, the water truck in the field, the water pump used in the mine, the cement mixer in the building, the diesel engine, the air hammer, the belt lathe, and so on, up to 42 kinds of products.
at the beginning of 1952, the first Ministry of mechanical industry issued a product development plan including manufacturing Longmen planer and mechanical press to the factory. At that time, new China had just celebrated its two birthday, and the whole country was in great demand, and badly needed a large number of heavy machinery and equipment. But the workshops, equipment and experience needed to make large mechanical products are very scarce, and the technicians will not say much more, and even the workers who can understand the drawings are numbered.
but the workers were excited and shouted out the slogan "the first shot and the Dragon planer", which became the most loud slogan of the two factories and the whole city of that time.
in such a poor and white basis, the two people, by virtue of the spirit of a dare to fight hard, are cast out more than 40 tons of castings with 5 tons and 8 tons of two smelting furnaces. The bed of 9 meters is processed with a 4 meter planer, and the precision of the guide rail of the planer is detected with a "steel wire microscope"...
after hard work, in April 1953, the first large Longmen planer in Chinese history was successfully manufactured in Ji'nan two machine tool. In August 12th, according to the direction of product development, the factory officially changed its name to "Ji'nan second machine tool factory". (reporter Dong Li)
the "little time" of heavy steam: fumbling for 4 and a half months, making China's first heavy car
heavy steam is the Kuomintang's military auto repair factory. In 1948, when Ji'nan was liberated, the army of the people accepted the garage. In 1956, the Ji'nan automobile manufacturing plant was established, that is, the predecessor of heavy truck. The prince, who is known as "the Grand Master of the heavy truck", recalled that only 11 people were received when the old man was in charge. The four doors of the workshop were big and the equipment was very simple. At that time, the liberation war was still in progress, and the workers were home. In order to restore the production support front as soon as possible, the factory promised workers who came back to work, each with a bag of flour. When
Huaihai Campaign, more and more cars were received, reaching more than 2000 vehicles. The workers were repaired and sent to the front. When he was alive, Wang Zikai told reporters that he had gone to the Huaihai Campaign to clean the battlefield, and that all the parts of the car, whether or not good or bad, were transported to Ji'nan, full of four trains.
at that time, the biggest difficulty in repairing cars was lack of spare parts. Starting in the winter of 1948, factories began to produce spare parts. However, because of the poor conditions, only simple manufacturing can be done. With the current technical standards, those accessories may not be qualified because the technical force was too weak, and the workers did not even understand the steel type and the steel composition. Even so, a steady stream of cars has played an important role in the liberation field.
when Ji'nan was liberated, there was a shortage of buses. There were only about seven or eight dilapidated buses in Ji'nan. Wang Zikai and workers painted their own cars and changed their driving seats to build the first flat coach in Ji'nan. Since then, the city's public transport departments have used this new flat headed bus.
this is only a preliminary transformation.
in 1958, the "great leap forward" wind swept across the country, and newspapers were all about producing cars everywhere. The workers in the factory are enthusiastic, and they also have to make cars. In this way, the whole plant was surrounded by a Soviet Gans 69 Jeep cross-country car, dismantled, installed, and attached to the gourd, making a jeep in only 17 days, ending the history of the inability to build cars in Ji'nan and Shandong.
What do we do next? Is it honestly making accessories or completely transforming cars? Everyone has no bottom. In 1959, after hearing that the relevant departments of the state convened the national automobile manufacturers' division of labor planning, the prince was sent to Beijing to "spy" the news.
"we have a unified plan, FAW dry card, Nanjing dry light card, Beijing dry jeep, now there is a 8 ton model no one, want to find you, but do not rest assured that the factory is not good." The director of the planning office of the automobile Bureau stimulated the prince, and he said, "8 tons for us, we do it!"
from the car office, the prince ran to Fuxing Gate Street, and he wanted to see what the so-called "8 ton car" looked like. "At the crossroads, it is beautiful to see the flat headed freight cars imported from Czech." Wang Zikai later described the "8 tons of cars" for the first time.
just so far to see, a little experience, two no drawings, three no equipment, how to produce? They learn from the first jeep, from the Provincial Department of communications to two models (Skoda 706), one for "dissecting", the other left, for the design and mapping. In the process of
, in the process of trial production, because there was no model of the steel ring of Skoda hub at the time, and the national plan was not included, all the major steel mills did not do it. The workers had to use the standard I-steel to make the front beams with forged steel, but there were no conditions at that time, only cast steel was used instead. In the end, they used the indigenous method and self-made equipment to knock out thousands of parts by hand.
after 4 and a half months of groping and testing, China's first heavy car, the the Yellow River brand JN150 8 ton truck, was successfully tested in April 15, 1960, which ended the history of China's inability to produce heavy vehicles. Some old drivers still remember that when the "the Yellow River" car was on the road, other cars couldn't help making way for it. Once, when it comes to heavy duty, people naturally think of "the Yellow River". "The Yellow River" has become the pronoun of heavy truck at that time.
in 1984, the Ji'nan automobile manufacturing plant merged with other vehicle, engine and parts manufacturers in China to form a heavy vehicle industry joint venture company. In 1990, the state organized several heavy truck manufacturing entities to form the China Heavy Duty Truck Group.