The rise and fall of Ji'nan
water from the Yellow River is diverted from the Yellow River to Xing Ze, where sediment is precipitated in a large amount, and then it continues to flow through Heze and Ono Sawa (Ju Yeze), and the sediment has been precipitated again after two times, so that in the Warring States period there is a "Qing Ji turbid river" in the Warring States period. The water is clear, the muddy river is the the Yellow River water turbid.
before the spring and Autumn period, the Yellow River went from Shanxi to Henan to the northern foot of Xingyang Guang Wushan, and entered a vast expanse of plain, so there were many rivers, which was called "North sowing to nine rivers". "Yu Gong", "The Classic of the Great Wilderness" and "Han Shu" and "geographically" and "Han Shu" and "geographically" recorded the changes in the three different periods of the Yellow River from the northern foot of the Xingyang Wushan before the spring and Autumn period, which are called the "Yu River", "the great river of the mountain classics" and the "Han Zhi river" respectively. "Yu River" from the ancient Henan Xunxian County in the southwest of the Taihang Shandong foot North of the Taihang, into the northern part of Hebei Quzhou county a vast plain after the formation of a number of rivers, to the southeast of the city of Tianjin into the sea; "mountain river river" from the ancient Henan Xunxian County along the northern foot of Taihang Mountain, north of Taihang Mountain, to the north of Hebei River, meeting tuoshui, Rivers, such as water to nourish water and other rivers, go into the sea from the present city of Tianjin in the vicinity of bully County, and "Han Zhi river" from the north-east of Shigu River to the southwest of Puyang County, to the northeast of the present Guantao County, and then to the eastward flow, and to the south of hannwu county (now Huanghua County vyi city) to the south to the sea to the south of Huanghua. The three distributary the Yellow River may be the main tributary of the nine rivers in the Yellow River before and after the spring and Autumn period or the successively the Yellow River river course. At the end of the spring and Autumn period, the rivers of Qi, Zhao and Wei built embankments along the river, and the "Yu River" and "mountain river" were all cut off, and the the Yellow River River took the Han Zhi river. The river channel of the lower reaches of the Yellow River is about 50 miles wide, and the river river flows through the river for a long time, and the sediment is deposited so that the river bottom is raised. In the three year of the emperor yuan Guang (132 BC) of the Western Han Dynasty (132 B.C.), the river was settled in the southeastern Juye (Ju Yeze) in the southeast of the gourd (the southwest of Puyang today), connected with Huai Shui and Surabaya for a time, for a time for 21 years to the public. It was only 109 years before the yuan was blocked. Since then, from the beginning of the emperor until the Wang Mang era, the Yellow River has been flooded, until the Eastern Han Dynasty Ming emperor, by Wang Jing river control, only a little peace. A number of flooding has caused the silt to be filled with silt, which first dried up, so that Jishui lost the sediment of the upper reaches of the river; Wang Mang began to build up a river for three years and had an impact on the water. The river was silted up and the water was diverted from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Ji Shui was originally injected into the lotus, and the inundation of the water also brought the inundation of the lotus sands by the sand. Only the water inflows into the great wild Ze and kept the existence of Ono Sawa, but with the flood of the Yellow River, a large amount of silt entered the great Yate, and Ono Sawa was inundated by the silt of the Yellow River. But before the Eastern Han Dynasty, the water diverted from Xingyang, Henan, played a role in depositing the sediment of the Yellow River, reducing the number and degree of the flood in the Yellow River, so the water of the time was paid much attention to.
before the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ji Shui was an important tributary of the Yellow River. At that time in western Shandong and southwestern Shandong, people had to change because of the change of the Yellow River, but it was unique to the foothills of the west of Zhangqiu near the southern hilly area. The southern part of the mountain, under which the river flows through, provides convenient living conditions, so the earliest Ji'nan city was born here.
the formation of Ji'nan city should also be attributed to the natural selection of people in the primitive times. In 1928, two gentlemen of Liang Siyong and Wu Jinding found the remains of a paternal clan society at 5 li in the west of ancient Jinji City, which was the earliest discovery of the paternal clan society in our country. At that time, the local village was named Longshan culture, and Longshan culture became the pronoun of the cultural relics of this historical stage. In the process of excavating the ancient ruins, archaeologists identified two ancient cities, one is Tan Guo Gucheng and the other two is Dongping's Mausoleum of Tan Guo Gucheng east 5 Xu Li. Dongping's mausoleum is Gucheng, Ji'nan.
there must be two conditions for the ancient city building, one is natural conditions, the other is the humane environment of the two. Natural conditions mainly consist of three aspects: climate, soil and water resources. During the excavation of the Longshan cultural site from 1930 to 1931, a carbonized bamboo slug and a large number of remains of warm and warm animals were found. In connection with other archaeological remains, Mr. Zhu Kezhen made the average temperature in the area of Longshan cultural site in the winter of the Xia Shang period in January, 3 - 5 C higher than it is now, and the average annual temperature is about 2 degrees centigrade higher than it is now. On the point of view. According to historical records, the land of Qilu may be cold in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, so there is a record of "Yin, rain and snow more than ten days, deep feet" and "rivers and frozen". But since the spring and Autumn period, the weather has been to the Han Dynasty, the weather became warm, the documents of the time were recorded, the Shen Chi in the southwest of Linzi City, and the dense pool in the Shen Chi. Bamboo and Qilu crops can also be cooked two times a year. The milu deer, which is suitable for living in the marshland, also flock in Qi in the country, it can be seen that the climate was warm and moist at that time; the soil between the water and the Yellow River was the black soil containing more humus, which belonged to the fertile soil, and was suitable for people to live and live here; now there is a river between the east of Longshan Village and the Gucheng of Tan country. According to the records of the inscription on the inscription of the Xue Jia bridge of YONGGU bridge in Longshan Town, the Longshan river is originally named Wu Yuan water, and the original name is goose duck water, according to the records of the inscription on the inscription of Xue Jia bridge of YONGGU bridge in Longshan Town, 2 li in the south of the village. The source of Wu Yuan is in the white Valley heap. In ancient times, the white Valley ditches were crisscrossed, with four springs, and both sides of the Straits were luxuriant and luxuriant. And the water of the white Valley pile is in the chicken Hill, and the chicken Hill spring water flows underground, until the white Valley pile comes up. In ancient times, the river, which originated in the chicken mountain, was also related to Lu Shui, except for the Wuyuan water. Before the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Wuyuan water passed through Tan Chengdong and the west of Dongping mausoleum. Guan Lu water passed through Tan Chengxi and then the water was joined together with the water. It was seen that before the Northern Wei Dynasty, the river canal between Tan city and Ping mausoleum was not a swampy area. This is the natural grabbing of the river. Food is the best means of life for the ancient people.
Tan Guo and the Dongping mausoleum are both ancient cities. Tan Guo was the hometown of Shang and his surname. After Zhou's business, Tan state still existed. In 753 B.C., he married Zang Jiang Zang Jiang's daughter and Zang Jiang's wife. In the early years of the spring and Autumn period, Tan Guoguojun was related to the king of Qi in the spring and Autumn period. This was the time of Qi Xiang Gong. Qi Xiang Gong was drunk and killed his wife, and his brother was afraid of his own. He fled to his country. His son fled to the country of Lu. He fled to the country of Lu. He fled to tan, and Tan did not give a courtesy, so he fled to Ju Guo under his assistant. When Qi Xiang Gong died in the chaos of Qi, he became king, and he was Qi Huan Gong. All the states of the world congratulated the Duke of the world, but Tan did not come to congratulate him. This provokes the anger of the Duke of Qi, and he sends Tan Guo to tan. Tan Guo is a small country, absolutely not a rival of the Qi state. When Mr. Dong Zuobin, an archaeologist, discovered three tombs, the first tombs were buried in the city base, the second tombs were four pairs of bones, three adults, a child, one of the adults were women, none of them were coffin, and they were obviously burial in a panic; third tombs were two, and a person's spine Gu Zhengzhong. There was a copper arrow, and the rust painted the spine of the spine. It seemed to be the death of the war. Thus, he was sure to be resistant to tan, but because of Tan Guoguo's small force and the defeat, Tan Guoguojun fled to his allied state. As for the reason of Qi Huan Gong's expedition to tan state, I am afraid it is mainly that Tan supports the Qi Xiang Gong. Tan Guo's village name is called mountain city, Mr. Dong Zuobin had seen in the village of Guan Yu Temple in the Guan Yu Temple of Qianlong thirty-four years Li Gun wrote the "new Xiangcheng village Guan monarch Temple of monarch", the temple said: "Xiangcheng village is the east of the Longshan Town River, to the West of the city of Ping Ling City, to the south corner of the city, after the mound, paging City son, old village name village It's a year of geometry. Yu Tian a number of fields ring its wild, Qianlong Wu noon, the surplus workers in the field to collect soil, mistaken and ancient mole, the tomb of the Ming mole, it is the Sui Kai Dynasty, the emperor Qi State Tang Gong name Gong's tomb, "three is a history, the harp, the government, the funeral of the south of Xiangcheng, the north of the Gulf." The gap does not know its old site, and the name of Xiangcheng is undoubtedly. In the ancient times, there were no lack of examples of the characters of the ancient rhyme characters. Mr. Dong Zuobin concluded that the mountain city was named by the Xiangcheng sound. In this case, we can't help Lenovo the relationship between Xiangcheng and Qi Xiang Gong. . After the destruction of Tan state, in order to confess his magnanimity, he did not put Tan's layout into the state of Qi, perhaps looking for a puppet to rule Tan state. So when the Warring States returned to Xuecheng from Qi State, the Chu state of Chu in the Warring States period also met Tan Zi, but he called Tan Zi from the spring and Autumn period to the Warring States period, and the status had been reduced. Not a few銆�
there are few historical records about the former Dongping mausoleum in the Warring States period. The three Qi Ji of Fu Chen said that the Dongping mausoleum was the capital of the Yin Dynasty. Wu Yi Di lived in the song of the north and died in the Zhou Dynasty. Yu Qinzhi said, for the formal capital is established, but there are two cases can not be denied. First, the Yin Shang is in the nomadic period. Although the agriculture has been greatly developed after pan Geng, it can not be said to be divorced from the nomadic habits. For the convenience of hunting, it is not impossible to set up a stronghold in the land of Dongping Mausoleum of the lush water grass and the elk herd, which is similar to the accompanying capital of the later generations. The two is that King Wen and Emperor B are of the same age, and the king of Wen is a hero of the generation. He has already expanded from Shaanxi to the East. Emperor B is a monarch who is not doing anything. He is moved eastward because of fear of Zhou's threat, and also in the capital of Dongping mausoleum, it is not unjustified. Because the Dongping mausoleum had never been the official capital of the Shang Dynasty, it was not taken seriously by the West Zhou Dynasty and was not destroyed by the war, which brought convenience to the utilization and development of the new dynasty. So after the founding of the Western Han Dynasty, Li Hou Lu, his brother, was the king of LV in 186 B.C. Take the Dongping Mausoleum as the governing body. 6 years later, in 180 BC, after Lu died, Chen Ping and Zhou Bo killed and killed Lu. After the emperor of the emperor Wendi, in the former yuan sixteen years (164 B.C.), Liu Biguang was the son of the king of the kingdom of Ji'nan. The capital was located in the Dongping mausoleum and located in the county of Ji'nan. In Han Dynasty, the contradiction between the Kingdom and the court became more and more sharp. The emperor adopted the suggestion of Chao misty to implement the policy of chipping. Some unlawful kings were against it. So the rebellion of Wu Chu, led by Liu Bi, Wu Wang, was launched, and Liu Biguang, the king of Ji'nan, was also in the rebellion. Three months later, Zhou Yafu Liu Biguang, the king of Ji'nan, defeated the rebel army and finally defeated the rebel army. Liu Biguang, the king of Ji'nan, was executed and buried in the dangerous mountain of the present Zhangqiu city of Saint well, the abandoned state of Ji'nan, which belongs to the central Han Dynasty. For a long time in the peace stage, Ji'nan handicraft industry and iron smelting industry developed, Dongping mausoleum has official and iron officials, is one of the 8 National officers and 44 iron officials in the country, Ji'nan's iron level is very high, the Eastern Han Dynasty chapter has 3 sword, one of which "Ji'nan vertebra" sword, visible Ji'nan economic development. In addition, the population density is very large, "Han Shu", "geography", "the former Han county, Ji'nan, households one hundred and forty thousand seven hundred and sixty-one, mouth six hundred and forty-two thousand eight hundred and eighty-four, county fourteen", visible, it belongs to the middle scale county.
Ji'nan is located in the western part of Linzi and Qingzhou, and the Coastal Waterway is a transportation hub running through the East, West and south. In the Han Dynasty, Linzi was still the largest commercial center in the East. It was rich in fish, salt, lacquer, cloth and silk, especially textiles. With the development of the economy, the fish, salt, silk linen fabric and steel products in Shandong Peninsula are all concentrated and evacuated in Ji'nan, and the status of Ji'nan is becoming more and more important. Therefore, to the Eastern Han Dynasty, the status of Ji'nan has been gradually improved, and the emperor has always been patronized by the emperor. Emperor Liu Xiu of emperor Guang Wu in fifteen years (29 AD) sealed its emperor Liu Kang for Ji'nan in April, seventeen years (AD 41) in October, the prince of Liu Kangjin was the king of Ji'nan, Ji'nan county was restored to Ji'nan, and the capital was still the mausoleum of Dongping. The state of Ji'nan had jurisdiction over 10 counties at that time. Liu Kang was highly valued by the emperor, so he arrived at thirty years (54 AD). Emperor Guang Wu visited Ji'nan personally and saw the prosperity of Ji'nan's economy, and 6 counties, such as Zhu, Zhangqiu, and other counties of the plain county were given to Ji'nan. Yuan and two years (AD 85), Emperor Han Emperor visited Taishan when he visited Ji'nan. In the first year of Emperor Han Shun (126 AD), Liu Xian was the king of Ji'nan in June. He was the king of Ji'nan. In the first year of Yongxing (153 AD) in May, the king of Ji'nan, Liu Guanghong, was born without a son. Three years of Han Ling emperor HSI Ping (174 AD), Liu Kang, the son of Wang Liu Li, the king of the river, was sealed as the king of Ji'nan, and Liu Kang and Liu Kang, the emperor of the emperor Guang Wu, were renamed, but not a person. In the last year of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the yellow towel uprising Qilu land, Cao Cao because of the suppression of the yellow towel uprising, and in the last year (184 A.D.) in Ji'nan, Cao Cao took Ji'nan as an important stronghold, defeated the Qingzhou yellow towel army, he collected 300 thousand people, selected the elite, called "Qingzhou soldiers", Qingzhou soldiers are the starting house of Cao Cao. Team. Han Xian Xian Jian an twelve years (AD 207) Cao Cao, east of Wuhuan, Ji'nan peasant uprising army rise again. In October, Huang Jie army once attacked Ji'nan and killed Liu Mi, king of Ji'nan. After that, the state of Ji'nan was abolished, and then changed to Ji'nan county. The county government was still in Dongping mausoleum, belonging to Qingzhou, and Licheng county still belonged to Ji'nan county.
when the East Han Ling emperor sealed Liu Kang, a large-scale peasant uprising was brewing, and there was a great danger. Liu Kang had overhauled the Ji'nan wall. But the solid walls not only blocked the angry army but were destroyed by the rebel army. The situation in Ji'nan by the city may be very miserable, which proves that there are two: one is that the local people still have such a custom, saying that the ghost foxes in the Dongping mausoleum are group, if the big girl marries the city, it will be under the secret calculation of the fox fairy. So, so far, even if the marrying team is in the city is a close way, it also hides out of the city outside the city, this It was a reflection of the disguise of too much homicide at that time. Two, after the massacre, Dongping's Mausoleum failed. Until Jin Yongjia, only the county was set up here, and the government of Ji'nan was transferred to Licheng. The migration of the city is generally two reasons, one is human reason, and it is a reason for Ji'nan to migrate from the mausoleum of Dongping to the next place. The two is the change of the geographical environment. There was a river in the western part of Dongping's mausoleum. With the disintegration of the water, the river in the west of the city was cut off. The shortage of water also brought inconvenience to the people in the city of Dongping. The water level has reduced the water level and the swamps are reduced, which brings convenience to the survival and development of the people, which is one of the reasons that Ji'nan moved from the Dongping mausoleum to the calendar.
as the capital city of Dongping in Ji'nan, it has once been brilliant and has seen a number of celebrities. The family of volts with the name of biography is a famous family in Ji'nan, and Zhang Sheng in Ji'nan and Ouyang Sheng of Qian riding (today's Guangrao) have made great contributions to the book of Shang Dynasty. Wang Mang's ancestors also lived in Dongping mausoleum for a long time. So far, there are many people in the villages around Dongping mausoleum, and in the west of the city, there are Tian Jia Zhuang, and Wang Mang is the descendant of the royal family of Qi. Some of the Wang surnames living around the Dongping mausoleum may be descendants of the aborigines in the Warring States period.